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The Effect of Iodide Ingestion on the Development of Spontaneous Lymphocytic Thyroiditis in the Diabetes-Prone BB/W Rat^*

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, Massachusetts 01605

Address requests for reprints to: Dr. Lewis E. Bravermah, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.

Abstract

It has been suggested that the incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is increased in the presence of high iodide intake. The diabetes-prone BB/W rat develops spontaneous histological autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) without functional hypothyroidism between 60 and 120 days of age. Studies were carried out to determine whether iodine administration to BB/W rats would affect the incidence and severity of LT and induce hypothyroidism. Iodide (0.05% in water) or tap water (C) was administered ad libitum to 42 10-month-old BB/W rats and 71 30-day-old BB/W rats for 8 weeks. For control purposes, 0.05% iodide or tap water (C) was also administered ad libitum to 42 30-day-old nondiabetic and ribn-LT-prone BB/W genetically equivalent rats (W-line) for 12 weeks and 41 21-day-old Wistar rats for 7 weeks. In a separate experiment, weanling BB/W rats were fed a low iodine diet, a control iodinesufficient (C) diet, or Purina chow (P) and tap water ad libitum for 8 weeks. In each experiment, blood was obtained at the time of death for the measurement of serum T₄, T₃, TSH, and antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab), and the thyroids were removed for histological evaluation (0 + no LT; 1-4 + LT).

Iodide administration (0.05%) induced a significant increase in the incidence of LT in 30-day-old BB/W rats (I, 77%; C, 30%, P < .001). Thyroid weight and serum T₄, T₃, and anti-Tg Ab concentrations were not affected by iodide administration. However, the presence of LT was associated with a significant increase in thyroid weight and anti-Tg Ab concentrations. BB/W rats subjected to a low iodine diet exhibited a significantly decreased incidence of LT (low I, 8.6%; C, 47.3%; P < 0.01), but no statistically significant difference in anti-Tg Ab levels. Increased iodide intake did not significantly affect the incidence of LT in adult BB/W rats and did not induce LT or affect thyroid function in W-line or Wistar rats.

These data show that iodine intake significantly affects the incidence of spontaneous LT in young, genetically predisposed rats. (Endocrinology 118: 1977–1981, 1986)

Footnotes

^* This work was supported in part by Research Grants AM-07302, AM-18919, and AM-30657 from the NIADDK, NIH (Bethesda, MD) and the John and Ethel Goldberg Research Fund.

Received September 3, 1985.

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