Endocrinology, Vol 126, 2882-2889, Copyright © 1990 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Developmental regulation of murine mammary progesterone receptor gene expression

G Shyamala, W Schneider and D Schott
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Previously we have shown that in normal murine mammary glands progesterone receptor (PgR) levels are modulated as a function of development and differentiation such that lactating mammary glands do not contain detectable levels of PgR as measured by steroid binding. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the lack of steroid binding in lactating mammary glands was due to the absence of receptor protein and if so whether it was accompanied by an alternation in the pattern of PgR gene expression. Accordingly, we have performed an immunological analysis of murine mammary PgR isolated from different developmental states and have also examined these tissues for PgR gene expression. In mammary tissues from all developmental states other than lactation, immunoreactive PgR corresponding to both A and B forms of the protein were detected. Analysis for PgR mRNA revealed multiple species in mammary tissues and the relative order of abundance of the various transcripts and their sizes were approximately 6.9 greater than 8.7 greater than 3.5 greater than 2.7 greater than 4.2. The 6.9 and 8.7 kilobase transcripts accounted for between 70-80% of total mRNA. All five species of mRNA were detected in tissues from nulliparous mice which decreased dramatically during pregnancy, became undetectable during lactation, and were once again detectable in tissues from mice undergoing lactational involution. Experiments designed specifically to examine the effect of estradiol on mammary PgR mRNA revealed that in contrast to tissues from other developmental states, lactating mammary glands were unable to respond to estradiol with an increase in PgR mRNA. Based on these findings and the fact that estrogenic insensitivity of lactating mammary glands coexists with the presence of ER we propose that in this tissue there is an alteration in the estrogen dependent transcriptional regulation of PgR gene expression.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. E. Connor, M. J. Meyer, R. W. Li, M. E. Van Amburgh, Y. R. Boisclair, and A. V. Capuco Regulation of Gene Expression in the Bovine Mammary Gland by Ovarian Steroids J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2007; 90(13_suppl): E55 - E65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. A. Mote, R. L. Arnett-Mansfield, N. Gava, A. deFazio, B. Mulac-Jericevic, O. M. Conneely, and C. L. Clarke Overlapping and Distinct Expression of Progesterone Receptors A and B in Mouse Uterus and Mammary Gland during the Estrous Cycle Endocrinology, December 1, 2006; 147(12): 5503 - 5512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Aupperlee, K. T. Smith, A. Kariagina, and S. Z. Haslam Progesterone Receptor Isoforms A and B: Temporal and Spatial Differences in Expression during Murine Mammary Gland Development Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3577 - 3588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. B.R. Ewan, H. A. Oketch-Rabah, S. A. Ravani, G. Shyamala, H. L. Moses, and M. H. Barcellos-Hoff Proliferation of Estrogen Receptor-{alpha}-Positive Mammary Epithelial Cells Is Restrained by Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 in Adult Mice Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2005; 167(2): 409 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E E Connor, D L Wood, T S Sonstegard, A F da Mota, G L Bennett, J L Williams, and A V Capuco Chromosomal mapping and quantitative analysis of estrogen-related receptor alpha-1, estrogen receptors alpha and beta and progesterone receptor in the bovine mammary gland J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 185(3): 593 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Mulac-Jericevic and O. M Conneely Reproductive tissue selective actions of progesterone receptors Reproduction, August 1, 2004; 128(2): 139 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Gava, C. L. Clarke, K. Byth, R. L. Arnett-Mansfield, and A. deFazio Expression of Progesterone Receptors A and B in the Mouse Ovary during the Estrous Cycle Endocrinology, July 1, 2004; 145(7): 3487 - 3494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Mulac-Jericevic, J. P. Lydon, F. J. DeMayo, and O. M. Conneely Defective mammary gland morphogenesis in mice lacking the progesterone receptor B isoform PNAS, August 19, 2003; 100(17): 9744 - 9749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Labriola, M. Salatino, C. J. Proietti, A. Pecci, O. A. Coso, A. R. Kornblihtt, E. H. Charreau, and P. V. Elizalde Heregulin Induces Transcriptional Activation of the Progesterone Receptor by a Mechanism That Requires Functional ErbB-2 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Breast Cancer Cells Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2003; 23(3): 1095 - 1111. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. V. Capuco, M. Li, E. Long, S. Ren, K. S. Hruska, K. Schorr, and P. A. Furth Concurrent Pregnancy Retards Mammary Involution: Effects on Apoptosis and Proliferation of the Mammary Epithelium after Forced Weaning of Mice Biol Reprod, May 1, 2002; 66(5): 1471 - 1476. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				O. M. Conneely, B. Mulac-Jericevic, F. DeMayo, J. P. Lydon, and B. W. O'Malley Reproductive Functions of Progesterone Receptors Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2002; 57(1): 339 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Nilsson, S. Makela, E. Treuter, M. Tujague, J. Thomsen, G. Andersson, E. Enmark, K. Pettersson, M. Warner, and J.-A. Gustafsson Mechanisms of Estrogen Action Physiol Rev, October 1, 2001; 81(4): 1535 - 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Saji, H. Sakaguchi, S. Andersson, M. Warner, and J.-A. Gustafsson Quantitative Analysis of Estrogen Receptor Proteins in Rat Mammary Gland Endocrinology, July 1, 2001; 142(7): 3177 - 3186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. M. Conneely Perspective: Female Steroid Hormone Action Endocrinology, June 1, 2001; 142(6): 2194 - 2199. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Hadsell, T. Alexeenko, Y. Klemintidis, D. Torres, and A. V. Lee Inability of Overexpressed des(1-3)Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) to Inhibit Forced Mammary Gland Involution Is Associated with Decreased Expression of IGF Signaling Molecules Endocrinology, April 1, 2001; 142(4): 1479 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				B. Mulac-Jericevic, R. A. Mullinax, F. J. DeMayo, J. P. Lydon, and O. M. Conneely Subgroup of Reproductive Functions of Progesterone Mediated by Progesterone Receptor-B Isoform Science, September 8, 2000; 289(5485): 1751 - 1754. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				W. P. Bocchinfuso, J. K. Lindzey, S. C. Hewitt, J. A. Clark, P. H. Myers, R. Cooper, and K. S. Korach Induction of Mammary Gland Development in Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Knockout Mice Endocrinology, August 1, 2000; 141(8): 2982 - 2994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. N. Seagroves, J. P. Lydon, R. C. Hovey, B. K. Vonderhaar, and J. M. Rosen C/EBP{beta} (CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein) Controls Cell Fate Determination during Mammary Gland Development Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2000; 14(3): 359 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Saji, E. V. Jensen, S. Nilsson, T. Rylander, M. Warner, and J.-A. Gustafsson Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the rodent mammary gland PNAS, January 4, 2000; 97(1): 337 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. M. Conneely, J. P. Lydon, F. De Mayo, and B. W. O'Malley Reproductive Functions of the Progesterone Receptor Reproductive Sciences, January 1, 2000; 7(1_suppl): S25 - S32. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. P. Lydon, G. Ge, F. S. Kittrell, D. Medina, and B. W. O'Malley Murine Mammary Gland Carcinogenesis Is Critically Dependent on Progesterone Receptor Function Cancer Res., September 1, 1999; 59(17): 4276 - 4284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]