help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrinology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bringhurst, F. R.
Right arrow Articles by Segre, G. V.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bringhurst, F. R.
Right arrow Articles by Segre, G. V.

Endocrinology, Vol 132, 2090-2098, Copyright © 1993 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Cloned, stably expressed parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide receptors activate multiple messenger signals and biological responses in LLC-PK1 kidney cells

FR Bringhurst, H Juppner, J Guo, P Urena, JT Potts Jr, HM Kronenberg, AB Abou- Samra and GV Segre
Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.

PTH elicits multiple second messenger signals in target cells. This signaling diversity may reflect coupling of a single species of PTH receptors to multiple effectors, the action of different subtypes of PTH receptors, or both. We recently reported the expression cloning, from rat and opossum cells, of closely related cDNAs encoding receptors for PTH [and PTH-related peptide (PTHRP)]. To determine if these cloned PTH/PTHRP receptors can activate multiple intracellular effectors when present at near-physiological levels in intact target cells, we have stably expressed the rat and opossum PTH/PTHRP receptor cDNAs in LLC- PK1 porcine renal epithelial cells. These cells lack endogenous PTH/PTHRP receptors, but do express abundant calcitonin receptors and many features of a proximal tubular phenotype. Subclones of transfected LLC-PK1 cells exhibited high affinity binding (Kd, 1-5 nM) of [Nle8.18,Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)amide (PTH) and dose-dependent activation by PTH of both cAMP accumulation (EC50, 1 nM) and increased release of cytosolic free calcium from intracellular stores (EC50, > or = 20-50 nM) across a wide range of receptor expression. Expressed rat and opossum receptors exhibited similar properties, except for a 5-fold lower binding affinity of the rat receptor for PTH-(7-34). Stimulation by PTH of both cAMP accumulation and elevated cytosolic free calcium was augmented in cells expressing higher numbers of PTH/PTHRP receptors. Like calcitonin, PTH (1-100 nM) reduced the rate of cell proliferation and augmented the rate of inorganic phosphate transport after 24 and 5 h of preincubation, respectively. The growth effect was mimicked by cAMP analogs, forskolin, phorbol esters, and calcium ionophores. Regulation of phosphate transport, however, was mimicked by phorbols, but not by cAMP analogs or forskolin. We conclude that LLC- PK1 cells provide a useful model in which to study the function of cloned PTH/PTHRP receptors. In these cells, a single species of cloned PTH/PTHRP receptors, stably expressed at near-physiological numbers, activates multiple second messenger responses and regulates subsequent biological responses, including at least one (phosphate transport) that is mediated by mechanisms independent of cAMP.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
D. Wheeler, J. L. Garrido, A. Bisello, Y. K. Kim, P. A. Friedman, and G. Romero
Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Type 1 Receptor Dynamics, Traffic, and Signaling by the Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor-1 in Rat Osteosarcoma ROS 17/2.8 Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2008; 22(5): 1163 - 1170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
M. J. Mahon
Ezrin promotes functional expression and parathyroid hormone-mediated regulation of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter 2a in LLC-PK1 cells
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): F667 - F675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Maiti, N. C. Hait, and M. J. Beckman
Extracellular Calcium-sensing Receptor Activation Induces Vitamin D Receptor Levels in Proximal Kidney HK-2G Cells by a Mechanism That Requires Phosphorylation of p38{alpha} MAPK
J. Biol. Chem., January 4, 2008; 283(1): 175 - 183.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. W. Pickard, A. B. Hodsman, L. J. Fraher, and P. H. Watson
Type 1 Parathyroid Hormone Receptor (PTH1R) Nuclear Trafficking: Regulation of PTH1R Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Shuttling by Importin-{alpha}/{beta} and Chromosomal Region Maintenance 1/Exportin 1
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2282 - 2289.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
D. Merciris, C. Marty, C. Collet, M.-C. de Vernejoul, and V. Geoffroy
Overexpression of the Transcriptional Factor Runx2 in Osteoblasts Abolishes the Anabolic Effect of Parathyroid Hormone in Vivo
Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2007; 170(5): 1676 - 1685.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. S. Bounoutas, H. Tawfeek, L. F. Frohlich, U.-i. Chung, and A. B. Abou-Samra
Impact of Impaired Receptor Internalization on Calcium Homeostasis in Knock-In Mice Expressing a Phosphorylation-Deficient Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Peptide Receptor
Endocrinology, October 1, 2006; 147(10): 4674 - 4679.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Hinoi, T. Ueshima, H. Hojo, M. Iemata, T. Takarada, and Y. Yoneda
Up-regulation of per mRNA Expression by Parathyroid Hormone through a Protein Kinase A-CREB-dependent Mechanism in Chondrocytes
J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 2006; 281(33): 23632 - 23642.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. W. Pickard, A. B. Hodsman, L. J. Fraher, and P. H. Watson
Type 1 Parathyroid Hormone Receptor (PTH1R) Nuclear Trafficking: Association of PTH1R with Importin {alpha}1 and {beta}
Endocrinology, July 1, 2006; 147(7): 3326 - 3332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. Gesty-Palmer, M. Chen, E. Reiter, S. Ahn, C. D. Nelson, S. Wang, A. E. Eckhardt, C. L. Cowan, R. F. Spurney, L. M. Luttrell, et al.
Distinct beta-Arrestin- and G Protein-dependent Pathways for Parathyroid Hormone Receptor-stimulated ERK1/2 Activation
J. Biol. Chem., April 21, 2006; 281(16): 10856 - 10864.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
H. M. KRONENBERG
PTHrP and Skeletal Development
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2006; 1068(1): 1 - 13.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. J. Mahon, T. M. Bonacci, P. Divieti, and A. V. Smrcka
A Docking Site for G Protein {beta}{gamma} Subunits on the Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor Supports Signaling through Multiple Pathways
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2006; 20(1): 136 - 146.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IBMS BoneKEyHome page
H. M. Kronenberg
How PTHrP Controls Growth Plate Chondrocytes
IBMS BoneKEy, November 1, 2005; 2(11): 7 - 15.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
C. G. James, C. T. G. Appleton, V. Ulici, T. M. Underhill, and F. Beier
Microarray Analyses of Gene Expression during Chondrocyte Differentiation Identifies Novel Regulators of Hypertrophy
Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2005; 16(11): 5316 - 5333.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
M. S Erclik and J. Mitchell
Activation of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 promoter by parathyroid hormone in osteosarcoma cells requires activation of an activated protein-2 element
J. Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 34(3): 713 - 722.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Shimada, M. J. Mahon, P. A. Greer, and G. V. Segre
The Receptor for Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Is Hydrolyzed and Its Signaling Properties Are Altered by Directly Binding the Calpain Small Subunit
Endocrinology, May 1, 2005; 146(5): 2336 - 2344.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
T. M. Murray, L. G. Rao, P. Divieti, and F. R. Bringhurst
Parathyroid Hormone Secretion and Action: Evidence for Discrete Receptors for the Carboxyl-Terminal Region and Related Biological Actions of Carboxyl- Terminal Ligands
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2005; 26(1): 78 - 113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. J. Mahon and G. V. Segre
Stimulation by Parathyroid Hormone of a NHERF-1-assembled Complex Consisting of the Parathyroid Hormone I Receptor, Phospholipase C{beta}, and Actin Increases Intracellular Calcium in Opossum Kidney Cells
J. Biol. Chem., May 28, 2004; 279(22): 23550 - 23558.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. J. Mahon, J. A. Cole, E. D. Lederer, and G. V. Segre
Na+/H+ Exchanger-Regulatory Factor 1 Mediates Inhibition of Phosphate Transport by Parathyroid Hormone and Second Messengers by Acting at Multiple Sites in Opossum Kidney Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2003; 17(11): 2355 - 2364.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Shimada, X. Chen, T. Cvrk, H. Hilfiker, M. Parfenova, and G. V. Segre
Purification and Characterization of a Receptor for Human Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide
J. Biol. Chem., August 23, 2002; 277(35): 31774 - 31780.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
P. Gomes, J. Xu, P. Serrao, S. Doria, P. A. Jose, and P. Soares-da-Silva
Expression and function of sodium transporters in two opossum kidney cell clonal sublines
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): F73 - F85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Fujita, T. Meguro, R. Fukuyama, H. Nakamuta, and M. Koida
New Signaling Pathway for Parathyroid Hormone and Cyclic AMP Action on Extracellular-regulated Kinase and Cell Proliferation in Bone Cells. CHECKPOINT OF MODULATION BY CYCLIC AMP
J. Biol. Chem., June 14, 2002; 277(25): 22191 - 22200.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
H. A. W. Tawfeek, F. Qian, and A. B. Abou-Samra
Phosphorylation of the Receptor for PTH and PTHrP Is Required for Internalization and Regulates Receptor Signaling
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2002; 16(1): 1 - 13.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
F. Gori, P. Divieti, and M. B. Demay
Cloning and Characterization of a Novel WD-40 Repeat Protein That Dramatically Accelerates Osteoblastic Differentiation
J. Biol. Chem., November 30, 2001; 276(49): 46515 - 46522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. K. Chan, R. A. Deckelbaum, I. Bolivar, D. Goltzman, and A. C. Karaplis
PTHrP Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation by Down-Regulating PPAR{gamma} Activity via a MAPK-Dependent Pathway
Endocrinology, November 1, 2001; 142(11): 4900 - 4909.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. Zierold, J. A. Mings, and H. F. DeLuca
Parathyroid hormone regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase mRNA by altering its stability
PNAS, October 31, 2001; (2001) 241516798.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. Guo, B. Lanske, B.-Y. Liu, P. Divieti, H. M. Kronenberg, and F. R. Bringhurst
Signal-Selectivity of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Peptide Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Differentiation in Conditionally Immortalized Growth-Plate Chondrocytes
Endocrinology, March 1, 2001; 142(3): 1260 - 1268.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Arai, I. Q. Assil, and A. B. Abou-Samra
Characterization of Three Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in Catfish: A Novel Third Receptor Is Predominantly Expressed in Pituitary and Urophysis
Endocrinology, January 1, 2001; 142(1): 446 - 454.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
P. Esbrit and J. Egido
The emerging role of parathyroid hormone-related protein as a renal regulating factor
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2000; 15(8): 1109 - 1111.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
R. R. Miles, J. P. Sluka, R. F. Santerre, L. V. Hale, L. Bloem, G. Boguslawski, K. Thirunavukkarasu, J. M. Hock, and J. E. Onyia
Dynamic Regulation of RGS2 in Bone: Potential New Insights into Parathyroid Hormone Signaling Mechanisms
Endocrinology, January 1, 2000; 141(1): 28 - 36.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. A. Cole
Parathyroid Hormone Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Opossum Kidney Cells
Endocrinology, December 1, 1999; 140(12): 5771 - 5779.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
I. Fernandes, R. Beliveau, G. Friedlander, and C. Silve
NaPO4 cotransport type III (PiT1) expression in human embryonic kidney cells and regulation by PTH
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 1999; 277(4): F543 - F551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
X. F. Kong, X. H. Zhu, Y. L. Pei, D. M. Jackson, and M. F. Holick
Molecular cloning, characterization, and promoter analysis of the human 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha -hydroxylase gene
PNAS, June 8, 1999; 96(12): 6988 - 6993.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
T. YOSHIDA, N. YOSHIDA, A. NAKAMURA, T. MONKAWA, M. HAYASHI, and T. SARUTA
Cloning of Porcine 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase and Its Regulation by cAMP in LLC-PK1 Cells
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 1999; 10(5): 963 - 970.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. A. Friedman, F. A. Gesek, P. Morley, J. F. Whitfield, and G. E. Willick
Cell-Specific Signaling and Structure-Activity Relations of Parathyroid Hormone Analogs in Mouse Kidney Cells
Endocrinology, January 1, 1999; 140(1): 301 - 309.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
A. E. Adams, A. Bisello, M. Chorev, M. Rosenblatt, and L. J. Suva
Arginine 186 in the Extracellular N-Terminal Region of the Human Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor Is Essential for Contact with Position 13 of the Hormone
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 1998; 12(11): 1673 - 1683.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
H. Takasu and F. R. Bringhurst
Type-1 Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Peptide (PTHrP) Receptors Activate Phospholipase C in Response to Carboxyl-Truncated Analogs of PTH(1-34)
Endocrinology, October 1, 1998; 139(10): 4293 - 4299.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
V. K. Tam, T. L. Clemens, and J. Green
The Effect of Cell-Matrix Interaction on Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Receptor Binding and PTH Responsiveness in Proximal Renal Tubular Cells and Osteoblast-Like Cells
Endocrinology, July 1, 1998; 139(7): 3072 - 3080.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
H. L. Brenza, C. Kimmel-Jehan, F. Jehan, T. Shinki, S. Wakino, H. Anazawa, T. Suda, and H. F. DeLuca
Parathyroid hormone activation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha -hydroxylase gene promoter
PNAS, February 17, 1998; 95(4): 1387 - 1391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Chen, V. D. Fitzpatrick, R. L. Vandlen, and A. H. Tashjian Jr.
Both Overlapping and Distinct Signaling Pathways for Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes SSTR1 and SSTR2 in Pituitary Cells
J. Biol. Chem., July 25, 1997; 272(30): 18666 - 18672.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
S. Jono, Y. Nishizawa, A. Shioi, and H. Morii
Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide as a Local Regulator of Vascular Calcification: Its Inhibitory Action on In Vitro Calcification by Bovine Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 1997; 17(6): 1135 - 1142.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Iida-Klein, J. Guo, M. Takemura, M. T. Drake, J. T. Potts Jr., A. Abou-Samra, F. R. Bringhurst, and G. V. Segre
Mutations in the Second Cytoplasmic Loop of the Rat Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Protein Receptor Result in Selective Loss of PTH-stimulated Phospholipase C Activity
J. Biol. Chem., March 14, 1997; 272(11): 6882 - 6889.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. K. Chatterjee, R. V. Sharma, and R. A. Fisher
Molecular Cloning of a Novel Variant of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Receptor That Stimulates Calcium Influx by Activation of L-type Calcium Channels
J. Biol. Chem., December 13, 1996; 271(50): 32226 - 32232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Azarani, D. Goltzman, and J. Orlowski
Structurally Diverse N-terminal Peptides of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and PTH-related Peptide (PTHRP) Inhibit the Na+/H+ Exchanger NHE3 Isoform by Binding to the PTH/PTHRP Receptor Type I and Activating Distinct Signaling Pathways
J. Biol. Chem., June 21, 1996; 271(25): 14931 - 14936.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Tong, J. Zull, and L. Yu
Functional Expression and Signaling Properties of Cloned Human Parathyroid Hormone Receptor in Xenopus Oocytes
J. Biol. Chem., April 5, 1996; 271(14): 8183 - 8191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. S. Pollock and H. L. Santiesteban
Calbindin Expression in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem., July 7, 1995; 270(27): 16291 - 16301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. B. Usdin, C. Gruber, and T. I. Bonner
Identification and Functional Expression of a Receptor Selectively Recognizing Parathyroid Hormone, the PTH2 Receptor
J. Biol. Chem., June 30, 1995; 270(26): 15455 - 15458.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Iida-Klein, J. Guo, L. Y. Xie, H. Jüppner, J. T. Potts Jr., H. M. Kronenberg, F. R. Bringhurst, A. B. Abou-Samra, and G. V. Segre
Truncation of the Carboxyl-terminal Region of the Rat Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Peptide Receptor Enhances PTH Stimulation of Adenylyl Cyclase but Not Phospholipase C
J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 1995; 270(15): 8458 - 8465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
E Schipani, K Kruse, and H Juppner
A constitutively active mutant PTH-PTHrP receptor in Jansen-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Science, April 7, 1995; 268(5207): 98 - 100.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. J. Gardella, M. D. Luck, A. K. Wilson, H. T. Keutmann, S. R. Nussbaum, J. T. Potts Jr., and H. M. Kronenberg
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-PTH-related Peptide Hybrid Peptides Reveal Functional Interactions between the 1-14 and 15-34 Domains of the Ligand
J. Biol. Chem., March 24, 1995; 270(12): 6584 - 6588.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. R. J. Hoare, T. J. Gardella, and T. B. Usdin
Evaluating the Signal Transduction Mechanism of the Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor. EFFECT OF RECEPTOR-G-PROTEIN INTERACTION ON THE LIGAND BINDING MECHANISM AND RECEPTOR CONFORMATION
J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2001; 276(11): 7741 - 7753.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. Zierold, J. A. Mings, and H. F. DeLuca
Parathyroid hormone regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase mRNA by altering its stability
PNAS, November 20, 2001; 98(24): 13572 - 13576.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
C. Marfella-Scivittaro, A. Quinones, and S. A. Orellana
cAMP-dependent protein kinase and proliferation differ in normal and polycystic kidney epithelia
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): C693 - C707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 1993 by The Endocrine Society