Endocrinology, Vol 133, 1051-1060, Copyright © 1993 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Effects of female hormones and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine or dexamethasone on induction of epidermal growth factor and proteinases F, D, A, and P in the submandibular glands of hypophysectomized male mice

S Maruyama, K Hosoi, T Ueha, M Tajima, S Sato and EW Gresik
Department of Dental Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan.

The effects of progesterone (Pro), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), T3, and dexamethasone (Dex), given alone or in combination, on induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and proteinase isozymes in the submandibular glands of hypophysectomized mice were examined. Each hormone, except E2, acting alone had essentially comparable inductive effects on EGF concentrations and on total proteinase activity. E2 alone had no inductive effect at all. Pro acted synergistically with T3, but its inductive effect was diminished when given with Dex. E2 was not synergistic with T2, and it inhibited the effect of Dex; it also partially blocked the action of DHT on induction of proteinase activity but not of EGF. Simultaneous administration of all five hormones restored total proteinase activity completely but EGF levels to only 50% of values for intact males, respectively. Submandibular proteinases were resolved by isoelectric focusing into four isozymes: proteinase F (pI 4.8), proteinase D (pI 5.8), proteinase A (pI 6.2), and proteinase P (pI 10.0). Pro alone slightly increased levels of proteinase F but greatly raised levels of the other three isozymes. This inductive action was augmented when Pro was given with T3 but blocked when it was given with Dex. E2 alone not only failed to induce any of the isozymes, but even further reduced levels of proteinase F. It also decreased the inductive effects of T3 on these isozymes, and with Dex completely blocked induction of proteinases D, A, and P. E2 plus DHT suppressed proteinase F levels and only induced proteinase A. All five hormones together reestablished the isozyme profile seen in intact males. These results show that Pro by itself is as capable as androgens, thyroid hormone, or glucocorticoid in regulating expression of these submandibular polypeptides, and that its action can be modulated by other pituitary-dependent hormones. In addition, they demonstrate that E2 does not regulate their expression, and that it has an inhibitory effect on the inductive action of other hormones. Last, they indicate that these various hormones may regulate expression of EGF and of each of the individual proteinase isozymes differently.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Kurabuchi, E. W. Gresik, and K. Hosoi Additive and/or Synergistic Action (Downregulation) of Androgens and Thyroid Hormones on the Cellular Distribution and Localization of a True Tissue Kallikrein, mK1, in the Mouse Submandibular Gland J. Histochem. Cytochem., November 1, 2004; 52(11): 1437 - 1446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kurabuchi, K. Hosoi, and E. W. Gresik Developmental and Androgenic Regulation of the Immunocytochemical Distribution of mK1, a True Tissue Kallikrein, in the Granular Convoluted Tubule of the Mouse Submandibular Gland J. Histochem. Cytochem., February 1, 2002; 50(2): 135 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kurihara, S. Maruyama, N. Nakanishi, H. Sakagami, and T. Ueha Thyroid Hormone (3,5,3'-Triido-L-Thyronine) Masking/Inversion of Stimulatory Effect of Androgen on Expression of mk1, a True Tissue Kallikrein, in the Mouse Submandibular Gland Endocrinology, July 1, 1999; 140(7): 3003 - 3011. [Abstract] [Full Text]