| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Endocrinology, Vol 136, 4951-4962, Copyright © 1995 by Endocrine Society
ARTICLES |
WM Baarends, JT Uilenbroek, P Kramer, JW Hoogerbrugge, EC van Leeuwen, AP Themmen and JA Grootegoed
Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
During fetal development, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is produced only by Sertoli cells, but postnatally, granulosa cells also produce this peptide growth/differentiation factor. We recently identified a candidate AMH type II receptor (AMHRII). In the present study, postnatal ovarian AMH and AMHRII messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was studied by in situ hybridization and ribonuclease protection. In ovaries from adult rats, AMH and AMHRII mRNAs were found to be mainly expressed in granulosa cells from preantral and small antral follicles. Corpora lutea and large antral follicles express little or no AMH and AMHRII mRNA, and primordial follicles and oocytes appeared to be AMH and AMHRII mRNA negative. Thecal and interstitial cells express no detectable AMH mRNA and little or no AMHRII mRNA. The colocalization of AMH and AMHRII mRNAs in granulosa cells of specific follicle types suggests that actions of AMH via AMHRII are autocrine in nature. There is a decreased level of AMH and AMHRII mRNA expression when follicles become atretic. Both mRNA species are eventually lost from atretic follicles, although AMHRII mRNA expression seems to persist somewhat longer than AMH mRNA. During the estrous cycle, no marked changes in the patterns of AMH and AMHRII mRNA expression were detected, except at estrus, when expression of both mRNA species in preantral follicles was decreased compared to that on the other days of the cycle. On postnatal day 5, total ovarian AMH mRNA expression is low and is located in small preantral follicles. During the first weeks of postnatal development, AMH mRNA expression in preantral follicles increases, and the later formed small antral follicles also express AMH mRNA. In contrast, AMHRII mRNA is expressed on postnatal day 5 at a higher level than AMH mRNA, but cannot be localized to specific cell types. From postnatal day 15 onward, AMHRII mRNA expression becomes more restricted to the preantral and small antral follicles. Treatment of prepubertal rats with GnRH antagonist (Org 30276) and human recombinant FSH (Org 32489) or with GnRH antagonist and estradiol benzoate resulted in follicle growth and inhibition of AMH and AMHRII mRNA expression in some, but not all, preantral and small antral follicles. These results indicate that FSH and estrogens may play a role in the down-regulation of AMH and AMHRII mRNA expression in vivo when small antral follicles differentiate into large antral follicles. Furthermore, the FSH surge on the morning of estrus may inhibit AMH and AMHRII mRNA expression in preantral follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
E. W Kabithe and N. J Place Photoperiod-dependent modulation of anti-Mullerian hormone in female Siberian hamsters, Phodopus sungorus Reproduction, March 1, 2008; 135(3): 335 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P.A Johnson, T.R Kent, M.E Urick, and J.R Giles Expression and Regulation of Anti-Mullerian Hormone in an Oviparous Species, the Hen Biol Reprod, January 1, 2008; 78(1): 13 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. J Diaz, K. Sugiura, and J. J Eppig Regulation of Pcsk6 Expression During the Preantral to Antral Follicle Transition in Mice: Opposing Roles of FSH and Oocytes Biol Reprod, January 1, 2008; 78(1): 176 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Arbo, D.V. Vetori, M.F. Jimenez, F.M. Freitas, N. Lemos, and J.S. Cunha-Filho Serum anti-mullerian hormone levels and follicular cohort characteristics after pituitary suppression in the late luteal phase with oral contraceptive pills Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2007; 22(12): 3192 - 3196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. J. Moran, M. Noakes, P. M. Clifton, and R. J. Norman The Use of Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Predicting Menstrual Response after Weight Loss in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2007; 92(10): 3796 - 3802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Nelson, R. W. Yates, and R. Fleming Serum anti-Mullerian hormone and FSH: prediction of live birth and extremes of response in stimulated cycles implications for individualization of therapy Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2007; 22(9): 2414 - 2421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Oktay, M. Sonmezer, O. Oktem, K. Fox, G. Emons, and H. Bang Absence of Conclusive Evidence for the Safety and Efficacy of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Treatment in Protecting Against Chemotherapy-Induced Gonadal Injury Oncologist, September 1, 2007; 12(9): 1055 - 1066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M El-Naggar, M. T Malik, A. Martin, J. P Moore, M. Proctor, T. Hamid, and S. S Kakar Development of cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium in Mullerian inhibitory substance type II receptor-pituitary tumor transforming gene transgenic mice J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2007; 194(1): 179 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Klattig, R. Sierig, D. Kruspe, B. Besenbeck, and C. Englert Wilms' Tumor Protein Wt1 Is an Activator of the Anti-Mullerian Hormone Receptor Gene Amhr2 Mol. Cell. Biol., June 15, 2007; 27(12): 4355 - 4364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. S. Wachs, M. S. Coffler, P. J. Malcom, and R. J. Chang Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Concentrations Are Not Altered by Acute Administration of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Normal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1871 - 1874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Fanchin, D. H. Mendez Lozano, N. Frydman, A. Gougeon, N. di Clemente, R. Frydman, and J. Taieb Anti-Mullerian Hormone Concentrations in the Follicular Fluid of the Preovulatory Follicle Are Predictive of the Implantation Potential of the Ensuing Embryo Obtained by in Vitro Fertilization J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1796 - 1802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Visser, A. L. L. Durlinger, I. J. J. Peters, E. R. van den Heuvel, U. M. Rose, P. Kramer, F. H. de Jong, and A. P. N. Themmen Increased Oocyte Degeneration and Follicular Atresia during the Estrous Cycle in Anti-Mullerian Hormone Null Mice Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2301 - 2308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. J. Diaz, K. Wigglesworth, and J. J. Eppig Oocytes determine cumulus cell lineage in mouse ovarian follicles J. Cell Sci., April 15, 2007; 120(8): 1330 - 1340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Rice, K. Ojha, S. Whitehead, and H. Mason Stage-Specific Expression of Androgen Receptor, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone Type II Receptor in Single, Isolated, Human Preantral Follicles: Relevance to Polycystic Ovaries J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2007; 92(3): 1034 - 1040. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. La Marca, G. Stabile, A.C. Artenisio, and A. Volpe Serum anti-Mullerian hormone throughout the human menstrual cycle Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2006; 21(12): 3103 - 3107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Mazaud Guittot, C. J. Guigon, N. Coudouel, and S. Magre Consequences of Fetal Irradiation on Follicle Histogenesis and Early Follicle Development in Rat Ovaries Biol Reprod, November 1, 2006; 75(5): 749 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Y. Andersen and A. G. Byskov Estradiol and Regulation of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Inhibin-A, and Inhibin-B Secretion: Analysis of Small Antral and Preovulatory Human Follicles' Fluid J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2006; 91(10): 4064 - 4069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R.A. Anderson, A.P.N. Themmen, A.A. -Qahtani, N.P. Groome, and D.A. Cameron The effects of chemotherapy and long-term gonadotrophin suppression on the ovarian reserve in premenopausal women with breast cancer Hum. Reprod., October 1, 2006; 21(10): 2583 - 2592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Modi, D. Bhartiya, and C. Puri Developmental expression and cellular distribution of Mullerian inhibiting substance in the primate ovary. Reproduction, September 1, 2006; 132(3): 443 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I.B. Carlsson, J.E. Scott, J.A. Visser, O. Ritvos, A.P.N. Themmen, and O. Hovatta Anti-Mullerian hormone inhibits initiation of growth of human primordial ovarian follicles in vitro Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2006; 21(9): 2223 - 2227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Oktay, O. Oktem, A. Reh, and L. Vahdat Measuring the Impact of Chemotherapy on Fertility in Women With Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., August 20, 2006; 24(24): 4044 - 4046. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q.-a. Yuan, H. H. Simmons, M. K. Robinson, M. Russeva, W. A. Marasco, and G. P. Adams Development of engineered antibodies specific for the Mullerian inhibiting substance type II receptor: a promising candidate for targeted therapy of ovarian cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther., August 1, 2006; 5(8): 2096 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Ebner, M. Sommergruber, M. Moser, O. Shebl, E. Schreier-Lechner, and G. Tews Basal level of anti-Mullerian hormone is associated with oocyte quality in stimulated cycles Hum. Reprod., August 1, 2006; 21(8): 2022 - 2026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Kevenaar, M. F. Meerasahib, P. Kramer, B. M. N. van de Lang-Born, F. H. de Jong, N. P. Groome, A. P. N. Themmen, and J. A. Visser Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels Reflect the Size of the Primordial Follicle Pool in Mice Endocrinology, July 1, 2006; 147(7): 3228 - 3234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. E Nilsson, C. Detzel, and M. K Skinner Platelet-derived growth factor modulates the primordial to primary follicle transition. Reproduction, June 1, 2006; 131(6): 1007 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A Visser, F. H de Jong, J. S E Laven, and A. P N Themmen Anti-Mullerian hormone: a new marker for ovarian function Reproduction, January 1, 2006; 131(1): 1 - 9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Silberstein, D.T. MacLaughlin, I. Shai, J.R. Trimarchi, G. Lambert-Messerlian, D.B. Seifer, D.L. Keefe, and A.S. Blazar Mullerian inhibiting substance levels at the time of HCG administration in IVF cycles predict both ovarian reserve and embryo morphology Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2006; 21(1): 159 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. La Marca, V. De Leo, S. Giulini, R. Orvieto, S. Malmusi, L. Giannella, and A. Volpe Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Premenopausal Women and After Spontaneous or Surgically Induced Menopause Reproductive Sciences, October 1, 2005; 12(7): 545 - 548. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Stubbs, K. Hardy, P. Da Silva-Buttkus, J. Stark, L. J. Webber, A. M. Flanagan, A. P. N. Themmen, J. A. Visser, N. P. Groome, and S. Franks Anti-Mullerian Hormone Protein Expression Is Reduced during the Initial Stages of Follicle Development in Human Polycystic Ovaries J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5536 - 5543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Guigon, N. Coudouel, S. Mazaud-Guittot, M. G. Forest, and S. Magre Follicular Cells Acquire Sertoli Cell Characteristics after Oocyte Loss Endocrinology, July 1, 2005; 146(7): 2992 - 3004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Eldar-Geva, E. J. Margalioth, M. Gal, A. Ben-Chetrit, N. Algur, E. Zylber-Haran, B. Brooks, M. Huerta, and I. M. Spitz Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women with polycystic ovaries with and without hyperandrogenism Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2005; 20(7): 1814 - 1819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Piltonen, L. Morin-Papunen, R. Koivunen, A. Perheentupa, A. Ruokonen, and J. S. Tapanainen Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels remain high until late reproductive age and decrease during metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2005; 20(7): 1820 - 1826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. La Marca, S. Giulini, R. Orvieto, V. De Leo, and A. Volpe Anti-Mullerian hormone concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2005; 20(6): 1569 - 1572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Fanchin, J. Taieb, D. H. M. Lozano, B. Ducot, R. Frydman, and J. Bouyer High reproducibility of serum anti-Mullerian hormone measurements suggests a multi-staged follicular secretion and strengthens its role in the assessment of ovarian follicular status Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2005; 20(4): 923 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Penarrubia, F. Fabregues, D. Manau, M. Creus, G. Casals, R. Casamitjana, F. Carmona, J. A. Vanrell, and J. Balasch Basal and stimulation day 5 anti-Mullerian hormone serum concentrations as predictors of ovarian response and pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology cycles stimulated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-gonadotropin treatment Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2005; 20(4): 915 - 922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Fanchin, D. H. Mendez Lozano, N. Louafi, N. Achour-Frydman, R. Frydman, and J. Taieb Dynamics of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels during the luteal phase of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation Hum. Reprod., March 1, 2005; 20(3): 747 - 751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Lutchman Singh, M. Davies, and R. Chatterjee Fertility in female cancer survivors: pathophysiology, preservation and the role of ovarian reserve testing Hum. Reprod. Update, January 1, 2005; 11(1): 69 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Jonard, P. Pigny, L. Jacquesson, C. Demerle-Roux, Y. Robert, and D. Dewailly The ovarian markers of the FSH insufficiency in functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2005; 20(1): 101 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. La Marca, S. Malmusi, S. Giulini, L. F. Tamaro, R. Orvieto, P. Levratti, and A. Volpe Anti-Mullerian hormone plasma levels in spontaneous menstrual cycle and during treatment with FSH to induce ovulation Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2004; 19(12): 2738 - 2741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Nikolaou and C. Gilling-Smith Early ovarian ageing: are women with polycystic ovaries protected? Hum. Reprod., October 1, 2004; 19(10): 2175 - 2179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. G.M.G.J. Mulders, J. S.E. Laven, M. J.C. Eijkemans, F. H. de Jong, A. P.N. Themmen, and B. C.J.M. Fauser Changes in anti-Mullerian hormone serum concentrations over time suggest delayed ovarian ageing in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2004; 19(9): 2036 - 2042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Jorgez, M. Klysik, S. P. Jamin, R. R. Behringer, and M. M. Matzuk Granulosa Cell-Specific Inactivation of Follistatin Causes Female Fertility Defects Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2004; 18(4): 953 - 967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Jonard and D. Dewailly The follicular excess in polycystic ovaries, due to intra-ovarian hyperandrogenism, may be the main culprit for the follicular arrest Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2004; 10(2): 107 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Weenen, J. S.E. Laven, A. R.M. von Bergh, M. Cranfield, N. P. Groome, J. A. Visser, P. Kramer, B. C.J.M. Fauser, and A. P.N. Themmen Anti-Mullerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment Mol. Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2004; 10(2): 77 - 83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Pigny, E. Merlen, Y. Robert, C. Cortet-Rudelli, C. Decanter, S. Jonard, and D. Dewailly Elevated Serum Level of Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Relationship to the Ovarian Follicle Excess and to the Follicular Arrest J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5957 - 5962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L.E. Bath, W.H.B. Wallace, M.P. Shaw, C. Fitzpatrick, and R.A. Anderson Depletion of ovarian reserve in young women after treatment for cancer in childhood: detection by anti-Mullerian hormone, inhibin B and ovarian ultrasound Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2003; 18(11): 2368 - 2374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Balla, N. Danilovich, Y. Yang, and M. R. Sairam Dynamics of Ovarian Development in the FORKO Immature Mouse: Structural and Functional Implications for Ovarian Reserve Biol Reprod, October 1, 2003; 69(4): 1281 - 1293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Y. Bedecarrats, F. H. O'Neill, E. R. Norwitz, U. B. Kaiser, and J. Teixeira Regulation of gonadotropin gene expression by Mullerian inhibiting substance PNAS, August 5, 2003; 100(16): 9348 - 9353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. C. Connolly, R. Bao, A. Y. Nikitin, K. C. Stephens, T. W. Poole, X. Hua, S. S. Harris, B. C. Vanderhyden, and T. C. Hamilton Female Mice Chimeric for Expression of the Simian Virus 40 TAg under Control of the MISIIR Promoter Develop Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cancer Res., March 15, 2003; 63(6): 1389 - 1397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Fanchin, L. M. Schonauer, C. Righini, J. Guibourdenche, R. Frydman, and J. Taieb Serum anti-Mullerian hormone is more strongly related to ovarian follicular status than serum inhibin B, estradiol, FSH and LH on day 3 Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2003; 18(2): 323 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Fanchin, L. M. Schonauer, C. Righini, N. Frydman, R. Frydman, and J. Taieb Serum anti-Mullerian hormone dynamics during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2003; 18(2): 328 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Mazaud, C. J. Guigon, A. Lozach, N. Coudouel, M. G. Forest, H. Coffigny, and S. Magre Establishment of the Reproductive Function and Transient Fertility of Female Rats Lacking Primordial Follicle Stock after Fetal {gamma}-Irradiation Endocrinology, December 1, 2002; 143(12): 4775 - 4787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I.A.J. van Rooij, F.J.M. Broekmans, E.R. te Velde, B.C.J.M. Fauser, L.F.J.M.M. Bancsi, F.H.d. Jong, and A.P.N. Themmen Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels: a novel measure of ovarian reserve Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2002; 17(12): 3065 - 3071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. L. Durlinger, M. J. G. Gruijters, P. Kramer, B. Karels, H. A. Ingraham, M. W. Nachtigal, J. Th. J. Uilenbroek, J. A. Grootegoed, and A. P. N. Themmen Anti-Mullerian Hormone Inhibits Initiation of Primordial Follicle Growth in the Mouse Ovary Endocrinology, March 1, 2002; 143(3): 1076 - 1084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Ikeda, A. Nagai, M.-a. Ikeda, and S. Hayashi Increased Expression of Mullerian-Inhibiting Substance Correlates with Inhibition of Follicular Growth in the Developing Ovary of Rats Treated with E2 Benzoate Endocrinology, January 1, 2002; 143(1): 304 - 312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. L. Durlinger, M. J. G. Gruijters, P. Kramer, B. Karels, T. R. Kumar, M. M. Matzuk, U. M. Rose, F. H. de Jong, J. Th. J. Uilenbroek, J. A. Grootegoed, et al. Anti-Mullerian Hormone Attenuates the Effects of FSH on Follicle Development in the Mouse Ovary Endocrinology, November 1, 2001; 142(11): 4891 - 4899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Teixeira, S. Maheswaran, and P. K. Donahoe Mullerian Inhibiting Substance: An Instructive Developmental Hormone with Diagnostic and Possible Therapeutic Applications Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2001; 22(5): 657 - 674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Dutertre, L. Gouedard, F. Xavier, W.-Q. Long, N. di Clemente, J.-Y. Picard, and R. Rey Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors Express a Functional Membrane Receptor for Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Transgenic Mice Endocrinology, September 1, 2001; 142(9): 4040 - 4046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. A. Cushman, J. C. DeSouza, V. S. Hedgpeth, and J. H. Britt Alteration of Activation, Growth, and Atresia of Bovine Preantral Follicles by Long-Term Treatment of Cows with Estradiol and Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Biol Reprod, August 1, 2001; 65(2): 581 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |