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Endocrinology, Vol 137, 1340-1348, Copyright © 1996 by Endocrine Society
ARTICLES |
MB Wheeler, L Sheu, M Ghai, A Bouquillon, G Grondin, U Weller, AR Beaudoin, MK Bennett, WS Trimble and HY Gaisano
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and the Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
Pancreatic beta cells and cell lines were used in the present study to test the hypothesis that the molecular mechanisms controlling exocytosis from neuronal cells may be used by the beta cell to regulate insulin secretion. Using specific antisera raised against an array of synaptic proteins (SNAREs) implicated in the control of synaptic vesicle fusion and exocytosis, we have identified the expression of several SNAREs in the islet beta cell lines, beta TC6-f7 and HIT-T15, as well as in pancreatic islets. The v-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-2 but not VAMP-1 immunoreactive proteins were detected in beta TC6-f7 and HIT-T15 cells and pancreatic islets. In these islet-derived cell lines, this 18-kDa protein comigrated with rat brain synaptic vesicle VAMP-2, which was cleaved by Tetanus toxin (TeTx). Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and electron microscopy localized the VAMP-2 to the cytoplasmic side of insulin containing secretory granule membrane. In streptolysin O permeabilized HIT-T15 cells, TeTx inhibited Ca2+-evoked insulin release by 83 +/- 4.3%, which correlated well to the cleavage of VAMP-2. The beta cell lines were also shown to express a second vesicle (v)-SNARE, cellubrevin. The proposed neuronal target (t)-membrane SNAREs, SNAP-25, and syntaxin isoforms 1-4 were also detected by Western blotting. The beta cell 25- kDa SNAP-25 protein and syntaxin isoforms 1-3 were specifically cleaved by botulinum A and C toxins, respectively, as observed with the brain isoforms. These potential t-SNARES were localized by immunofluorescence microscopy primarily to the plasma membrane in beta cell lines as well as in islet beta cells. To determine the specific identity of the immunoreactive syntaxin-2 and -3 isoforms and to explore the possibility that these beta cells express the putative Ca2+-sensing molecule synaptotagmin III, RT-PCR was performed on the beta cell lines. These studies confirmed that betaTC6-F7 cells express syntaxin-2 isoforms, 2 and 2', but not 2'' and express syntaxin-3. They further demonstrate the expression of synaptotagmin III. DNA sequence analysis revealed that rat and mouse beta cell syntaxins 2, 2' and synaptotagmin III are highly conserved at the nucleotide and predicted amino acid levels (95-98%). The presence of VAMP-2, nSec/Munc-18, SNAP-25 and syntaxin family of proteins, along with synaptotagmin III in the islet cells and in beta cell lines provide evidence that neurons and beta cells share similar molecular mechanisms for Ca2+-regulated exocytosis. The inhibition of Ca2+-evoked insulin secretion by the proteolytic cleavage of HIT-T15 cell VAMP-2 supports the hypothesis that these proteins play an integral role in the control of insulin exocytosis.
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P. E. MacDonald, W. El-kholy, M. J. Riedel, A. M. F. Salapatek, P. E. Light, and M. B. Wheeler The Multiple Actions of GLP-1 on the Process of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Diabetes, December 1, 2002; 51(90003): S434 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Ji, S.-N. Yang, X. Huang, X. Li, L. Sheu, N. Diamant, P.-O. Berggren, and H. Y. Gaisano Modulation of L-Type Ca2+ Channels by Distinct Domains Within SNAP-25 Diabetes, May 1, 2002; 51(5): 1425 - 1436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. K. Bratanova-Tochkova, H. Cheng, S. Daniel, S. Gunawardana, Y.-J. Liu, J. Mulvaney-Musa, T. Schermerhorn, S. G. Straub, H. Yajima, and G. W.G. Sharp Triggering and Augmentation Mechanisms, Granule Pools, and Biphasic Insulin Secretion Diabetes, February 1, 2002; 51(90001): S83 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X. Huang, Y.-H. Kang, E. A. Pasyk, L. Sheu, M. B. Wheeler, W. S. Trimble, A. Salapatek, and H. Y. Gaisano Ca2+ influx and cAMP elevation overcame botulinum toxin A but not tetanus toxin inhibition of insulin exocytosis Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): C740 - C750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. E. MacDonald, X. F. Ha, J. Wang, S. R. Smukler, A. M. Sun, H. Y. Gaisano, A. M. F. Salapatek, P. H. Backx, and M. B. Wheeler Members of the Kv1 and Kv2 Voltage-Dependent K+ Channel Families Regulate Insulin Secretion Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2001; 15(8): 1423 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Hirai, D. Radisky, R. Boudreau, M. Simian, M. E. Stevens, Y. Oka, K. Takebe, S. Niwa, and M. J. Bissell Epimorphin Mediates Mammary Luminal Morphogenesis through Control of C/EBP{beta} J. Cell Biol., May 14, 2001; 153(4): 785 - 794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S Nagamatsu, Y Nakamichi, T Watanabe, S Matsushima, S Yamaguchi, J Ni, E Itagaki, and H Ishida Localization of cellubrevin-related peptide, endobrevin, in the early endosome in pancreatic beta cells and its physiological function in exo-endocytosis of secretory granules J. Cell Sci., January 1, 2001; 114(1): 219 - 227. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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A. M. F. Salapatek, P. E. MacDonald, H. Y. Gaisano, and M. B. Wheeler Mutations to the Third Cytoplasmic Domain of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Can Functionally Uncouple GLP-1-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in HIT-T15 Cells Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 1999; 13(8): 1305 - 1317. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. Nagamatsu, T. Watanabe, Y. Nakamichi, C. Yamamura, K. Tsuzuki, and S. Matsushima alpha -Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Is Expressed in Pancreatic beta Cells and Functions in Insulin but Not gamma -Aminobutyric Acid Secretion J. Biol. Chem., March 19, 1999; 274(12): 8053 - 8060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Iezzi, G. Escher, P. Meda, A. Charollais, G. Baldini, F. Darchen, C. B. Wollheim, and R. Regazzi Subcellular Distribution and Function of Rab3A, B, C, and D Isoforms in Insulin-Secreting Cells Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 1999; 13(2): 202 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. Chaturvedi, H. Qi, D. Coleman, A. Rodriguez, P. I. Hanson, B. Striepen, D. S. Roos, and K. A. Joiner Constitutive Calcium-independent Release of Toxoplasma gondii Dense Granules Occurs through the NSF/SNAP/SNARE/Rab Machinery J. Biol. Chem., January 22, 1999; 274(4): 2424 - 2431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Flaumenhaft, K. Croce, E. Chen, B. Furie, and B. C. Furie Proteins of the Exocytotic Core Complex Mediate Platelet alpha -Granule Secretion. ROLES OF VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN, SNAP-23, AND SYNTAXIN 4 J. Biol. Chem., January 22, 1999; 274(4): 2492 - 2501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Tahara, J. R. Coorssen, K. Timmers, P. S. Blank, T. Whalley, R. Scheller, and J. Zimmerberg Calcium Can Disrupt the SNARE Protein Complex on Sea Urchin Egg Secretory Vesicles without Irreversibly Blocking Fusion J. Biol. Chem., December 11, 1998; 273(50): 33667 - 33673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. M. Jones and S. J. Persaud Protein Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation, and the Regulation of Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic {beta}-Cells. Endocr. Rev., August 1, 1998; 19(4): 429 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X. Huang, M. B. Wheeler, Y.-h. Kang, L. Sheu, G. L. Lukacs, W. S. Trimble, and H. Y. Gaisano Truncated SNAP-25 (1-197), Like Botulinum Neurotoxin A, Can Inhibit Insulin Secretion from HIT-T15 Insulinoma Cells Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 1998; 12(7): 1060 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. Klumperman, R. Kuliawat, J. M. Griffith, H. J. Geuze, and P. Arvan Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptors Are Sorted from Immature Secretory Granules via Adaptor Protein AP-1, Clathrin, and Syntaxin 6-positive Vesicles J. Cell Biol., April 20, 1998; 141(2): 359 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. Sadoul, A. Berger, H. Niemann, U. Weller, P. A. Roche, A. Klip, W. S. Trimble, R. Regazzi, S. Catsicas, and P. A. Halban SNAP-23 Is Not Cleaved by Botulinum Neurotoxin E and Can Replace SNAP-25 in the Process of Insulin Secretion J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 1997; 272(52): 33023 - 33027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Z. Gao, J. Reavey-Cantwell, R. A. Young, P. Jegier, and B. A. Wolf Synaptotagmin III/VII Isoforms Mediate Ca2+-induced Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islet beta -Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2000; 275(46): 36079 - 36085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Tsubamoto, K. Eto, M. Noda, S. Daniel, S. Suga, S. Yamashita, H. Kasai, M. Wakui, G. W. G. Sharp, S. Kimura, et al. Hexamminecobalt(III) Chloride Inhibits Glucose-induced Insulin Secretion at the Exocytotic Process J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2001; 276(5): 2979 - 2985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. Lilja, S.-N. Yang, D.-L. Webb, L. Juntti-Berggren, P.-O. Berggren, and C. Bark Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 Promotes Insulin Exocytosis J. Biol. Chem., August 31, 2001; 276(36): 34199 - 34205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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