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Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0618; and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg (R.H.), Heidelberg, Germany
Thyroid hormone (T3) increases the transcription of the
sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase
(ATPase) gene (SERCA 2) through three thyroid hormone response
elements. The existence of repetitive cis elements with
different configurations is likely to serve specific functions such as
interactions with nuclear transcription factors. In addition, the
presence of different T3 receptor isoforms
(T3Rs) may contribute to another level of complexity in
providing specificity for T3 action. In this study, we
investigated T3R
1- vs.
T3Rß1-specific interactions with the myocyte
enhancer-specific factor-2 (MEF-2) on the expression of the SERCA 2
gene in transient transfection assays in embryonal heart-derived H9c2
cells. MEF-2a in combination with either T3R
1 or
T3Rß1 isoforms resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in SERCA 2
transgene expression in the absence of T3. Addition of
T3 did not induce any further increase in SERCA 2
expression when T3R
1 and MEF-2a expression vectors were
cotransfected. In contrast, in the presence of T3Rß1 and
MEF-2, the addition of T3 increased chlorampenicol
acetyltransferase activity by an additional 2.2-fold to a total
5.5-fold increase. The interaction between MEF-2a and T3R
is transcription factor specific because another factor that binds to
MEF-2 consensus sites (heart factor 1b) was not able to interact with
T3R. In addition, MEF-2a failed to interact with other
nuclear factors (cAMP response element-binding protein and Egr-1) that
stimulate SERCA 2 gene transcription. In addition, we found that a
single homologous thyroid hormone response element is not able to
mediate the interactions between MEF-2a and T3Rs to
increase SERCA 2 gene transcription. Our findings point to
T3R isoform-specific interactions with a cell type-specific
transcription factor (MEF-2) in the regulation of SERCA 2 gene
expression.
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