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Department of Physiology and Biophysics (C.M.T., T.G.P., L.Z., C.T.A., W.R.D., G.G.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology (D.L.C., D.I.H.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
Address all correspondence and request for reprints to: Dr. Geula Gibori, Department of Physiology and Biophysics (M/C 901), University of Illinois, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7342.
The corpora lutea of pregnancy in the rat are highly dependent on the
action of PRL and PRL-like hormones to hypertrophy and to produce
progesterone needed for the maintenance of gestation. Two forms of the
PRL receptor (PRL-R), designated as long (PRL-RL) and short
(PRL-RS), have been described in rat tissues. To determine
whether both forms are present in the corpus luteum during pregnancy
and to examine the developmental and hormonal regulation of their
expression, total RNA isolated from corpora lutea at different stages
of pregnancy and from highly luteinized granulosa cells subjected to
different hormonal treatments were analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR.
Immunoblotting of luteal proteins from early and late pregnancy was
also performed to determine if the pattern of PRL-R proteins follows
that of PRL-R messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. In addition, the
correlation between the well characterized PRL-regulated gene,
20
-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20
-HSD), and PRL-R gene
expression was investigated during the time of luteolysis. Both
PRL-RL and PRL-RS mRNA and protein were
expressed in corpora lutea of pregnancy, with the long form being the
most dominant at all stages. Whereas no changes in mRNA level of either
PRL-RL or PRL-RS were found until day 20 of
gestation, a profound decline in PRL-R mRNA and protein for both
receptor types occurred at the end of pregnancy. This drop in PRL-R
expression was accompanied by a sharp and abrupt expression of
20
-HSD mRNA. Studies performed in vivo and in
luteinized cells in culture indicate that PRL can up-regulate the
expression of the PRL-RL mRNA, an effect prevented by the
tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. PRL-RL mRNA was also
selectively increased by cAMP. In summary, the results of this
investigation have established that: 1) the corpus luteum of pregnancy
expresses both the short and long forms of the PRL-R with the long form
being more abundant; 2) the mRNA for both forms of the PRL-R remains at
constant levels throughout pregnancy but drops before parturition; 3)
the decline in PRL-R mRNA at the end of pregnancy is accompanied by a
dramatic rise in 20
-HSD; 4) PRL is able to increase the expression
of PRL-R mRNA; and that 5) both A kinase and tyrosine kinase mediated
pathways appear to participate in the up-regulatory mechanism involved
in PRL-R mRNA expression.
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