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Endocrinology Vol. 138, No. 3 863-870
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Articles

Comparison of the Ligand Binding Specificity and Transcript Tissue Distribution of Estrogen Receptors {alpha} and ß

George G. J. M. Kuiper1, Bo Carlsson, Kaj Grandien, Eva Enmark, Johan Häggblad, Stefan Nilsson and Jan-Åke Gustafsson2

Center for Biotechnology and Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute (G.G.J.M.K., K.G., E.E., J.-Å.G.); and KaroBio AB (B.C., J.H., S.N.) Huddinge, Sweden

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: George Kuiper, Center for Biotechnology, Karolinska Institute, NOVUM, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. E-mail: george.kuiper{at}cbt.ki.se

The rat estrogen receptor (ER) exists as two subtypes, ER{alpha} and ERß, which differ in the C-terminal ligand binding domain and in the N-terminal transactivation domain. In this study we investigated the messenger RNA expression of both ER subtypes in rat tissues by RT-PCR and compared the ligand binding specificity of the ER subtypes.

Saturation ligand binding analysis of in vitro synthesized human ER{alpha} and rat ERß protein revealed a single binding component for 16{alpha}-iodo-17ß-estradiol with high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.1 nM for ER{alpha} protein and 0.4 nM for ERß protein]. Most estrogenic substances or estrogenic antagonists compete with 16{alpha}-[125I]iodo-17ß-estradiol for binding to both ER subtypes in a very similar preference and degree; that is, diethylstilbestrol > hexestrol > dienestrol > 4-OH-tamoxifen > 17ß-estradiol > coumestrol, ICI-164384 > estrone, 17{alpha}-estradiol > nafoxidine, moxestrol > clomifene > estriol, 4-OH-estradiol > tamoxifen, 2-OH-estradiol, 5-androstene-3ß,17ß-diol, genistein for the ER{alpha} protein and dienestrol > 4-OH-tamoxifen > diethylstilbestrol > hexestrol > coumestrol, ICI-164384 > 17ß-estradiol > estrone, genistein > estriol > nafoxidine, 5-androstene-3ß,17ß-diol > 17{alpha}-estradiol, clomifene, 2-OH-estradiol > 4-OH-estradiol, tamoxifen, moxestrol for the ERß protein. The rat tissue distribution and/or the relative level of ER{alpha} and ERß expression seems to be quite different, i.e. moderate to high expression in uterus, testis, pituitary, ovary, kidney, epididymis, and adrenal for ER{alpha} and prostate, ovary, lung, bladder, brain, uterus, and testis for ERß. The described differences between the ER subtypes in relative ligand binding affinity and tissue distribution could contribute to the selective action of ER agonists and antagonists in different tissues.




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 EndocrinologyHome page
A. E. Drummond, M. Tellbach, M. Dyson, and J. K. Findlay
Fibroblast Growth Factor-9, a Local Regulator of Ovarian Function
Endocrinology, August 1, 2007; 148(8): 3711 - 3721.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Toxicol SciHome page
V. H. Dang, T. H. Nguyen, K.-C. Choi, and E.-B. Jeung
A Calcium-Binding Protein, Calbindin-D9k, Is Regulated through an Estrogen-Receptor Mediated Mechanism following Xenoestrogen Exposure in the GH3 Cell Line
Toxicol. Sci., August 1, 2007; 98(2): 408 - 415.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Biol. Reprod.Home page
J. A. Arreguin-Arevalo, T. L. Davis, and T. M. Nett
Differential Modulation of Gonadotropin Secretion by Selective Estrogen Receptor 1 and Estrogen Receptor 2 Agonists in Ovariectomized Ewes
Biol Reprod, August 1, 2007; 77(2): 320 - 328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
G. E. Mann, D. J. Rowlands, F. Y.L. Li, P. de Winter, and R. C.M. Siow
Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by dietary isoflavones: Role of NO in Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression
Cardiovasc Res, July 15, 2007; 75(2): 261 - 274.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Physiol. Rev.Home page
N. Heldring, A. Pike, S. Andersson, J. Matthews, G. Cheng, J. Hartman, M. Tujague, A. Strom, E. Treuter, M. Warner, et al.
Estrogen Receptors: How Do They Signal and What Are Their Targets
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2007; 87(3): 905 - 931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
T. R. Pak, W. C. J. Chung, L. R. Hinds, and R. J. Handa
Estrogen Receptor-{beta} Mediates Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Stimulation of the Arginine Vasopressin Promoter in Neuronal Cells
Endocrinology, July 1, 2007; 148(7): 3371 - 3382.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
T. Suzuki, T. Shimizu, H.-P. Yu, Y.-C. Hsieh, M. A. Choudhry, and I. H. Chaudry
Salutary effects of 17beta-estradiol on T-cell signaling and cytokine production after trauma-hemorrhage are mediated primarily via estrogen receptor-{alpha}
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): C2103 - C2111.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
L. Li, M. E Andersen, S. Heber, and Q. Zhang
Non-monotonic dose-response relationship in steroid hormone receptor-mediated gene expression
J. Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2007; 38(5): 569 - 585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
J. L. Kipp, S. M. Kilen, S. Bristol-Gould, T. K. Woodruff, and K. E. Mayo
Neonatal Exposure to Estrogens Suppresses Activin Expression and Signaling in the Mouse Ovary
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 1968 - 1976.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J EndocrinolHome page
J. C Garrido-Gracia, A. Gordon, C. Bellido, R. Aguilar, I. Barranco, Y. Millan, J. M. de las Mulas, and J. E Sanchez-Criado
The integrated action of oestrogen receptor isoforms and sites with progesterone receptor in the gonadotrope modulates LH secretion: evidence from tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized rats
J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 193(1): 107 - 119.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 FASEB J.Home page
G.-E. Costin and V. J. Hearing
Human skin pigmentation: melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress
FASEB J, April 1, 2007; 21(4): 976 - 994.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
Y.-C. Hsieh, H.-P. Yu, M. Frink, T. Suzuki, M. A. Choudhry, M. G. Schwacha, and I. H. Chaudry
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30-Dependent Protein Kinase A Pathway Is Critical in Nongenomic Effects of Estrogen in Attenuating Liver Injury after Trauma-Hemorrhage
Am. J. Pathol., April 1, 2007; 170(4): 1210 - 1218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
S. K. Gruvberger-Saal, P.-O. Bendahl, L. H. Saal, M. Laakso, C. Hegardt, P. Eden, C. Peterson, P. Malmstrom, J. Isola, A. Borg, et al.
Estrogen Receptor {beta} Expression Is Associated with Tamoxifen Response in ER{alpha}-Negative Breast Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2007; 13(7): 1987 - 1994.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
A. M. Corbacho, J. P. Eiserich, L. A. Zuniga, G. Valacchi, and A. C. Villablanca
Compromised Aortic Vasoreactivity in Male Estrogen Receptor-{alpha}-Deficient Mice during Acute Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation
Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 1403 - 1411.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Toxicol SciHome page
A. L. Quinn, J. M. Regan, J. M. Tobin, B. J. Marinik, J. M. McMahon, D. A. McNett, C. M. Sushynski, S. D. Crofoot, P. A. Jean, and K. P. Plotzke
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Estrogenic, Androgenic, and Progestagenic Potential of Two Cyclic Siloxanes
Toxicol. Sci., March 1, 2007; 96(1): 145 - 153.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J DAIRY SCIHome page
P. Moroni, G. Pisoni, G. Savoini, E. van Lier, S. Acuna, J. P. Damian, and A. Meikle
Influence of Estrus of Dairy Goats on Somatic Cell Count, Milk Traits, and Sex Steroid Receptors in the Mammary Gland
J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2007; 90(2): 790 - 797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. A. Carey, J. W. Card, J. A. Bradbury, M. P. Moorman, N. Haykal-Coates, S. H. Gavett, J. P. Graves, V. R. Walker, G. P. Flake, J. W. Voltz, et al.
Spontaneous Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Estrogen Receptor-{alpha}-deficient Mice
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2007; 175(2): 126 - 135.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
H. A. Harris
Estrogen Receptor-{beta}: Recent Lessons from in Vivo Studies
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 21(1): 1 - 13.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
R. Huang, F. Shi, T. Lei, Y. Song, C. L. Hughes, and G. Liu
Effect of the Isoflavone Genistein Against Galactose-Induced Cataracts in Rats
Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1, 2007; 232(1): 118 - 125.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ReproductionHome page
S. Assinder, R. Davis, M. Fenwick, and A. Glover
Adult-only exposure of male rats to a diet of high phytoestrogen content increases apoptosis of meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells
Reproduction, January 1, 2007; 133(1): 11 - 19.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
T. Suzuki, T. Shimizu, H.-P. Yu, Y.-C. Hsieh, M. A. Choudhry, M. G. Schwacha, and I. H. Chaudry
Tissue compartment-specific role of estrogen receptor subtypes in immune cell cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 163 - 168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
Z. F. Ba, A. Lu, T. Shimizu, L. Szalay, M. G. Schwacha, L. W. Rue III, K. I. Bland, and I. H. Chaudry
17beta-Estradiol modulates vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 following trauma-hemorrhage
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): H245 - H250.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
X. Fan, M. Warner, and J.-A. Gustafsson
Estrogen receptor beta expression in the embryonic brain regulates development of calretinin-immunoreactive GABAergic interneurons
PNAS, December 19, 2006; 103(51): 19338 - 19343.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
S. Rice and S. A Whitehead
Phytoestrogens and breast cancer -promoters or protectors?
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2006; 13(4): 995 - 1015.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
H. J. Teede, D. Giannopoulos, F. S. Dalais, J. Hodgson, and B. P. McGrath
Randomised, Controlled, Cross-Over Trial of Soy Protein with Isoflavones on Blood Pressure and Arterial Function in Hypertensive Subjects
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2006; 25(6): 533 - 540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
K. Dahlman-Wright, V. Cavailles, S. A. Fuqua, V. C. Jordan, J. A. Katzenellenbogen, K. S. Korach, A. Maggi, M. Muramatsu, M. G. Parker, and J.-A. Gustafsson
International Union of Pharmacology. LXIV. Estrogen Receptors
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2006; 58(4): 773 - 781.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Poult. Sci.Home page
K. W. Wilhelms, C. G. Scanes, and L. L. Anderson
Lack of estrogenic or antiestrogenic actions of soy isoflavones in an avian model: the Japanese quail.
Poult. Sci., November 1, 2006; 85(11): 1885 - 1889.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J EndocrinolHome page
J. Lindzey, F. L Jayes, M. M Yates, J. F Couse, and K. S Korach
The bi-modal effects of estradiol on gonadotropin synthesis and secretion in female mice are dependent on estrogen receptor-{alpha}.
J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 191(1): 309 - 317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ReproductionHome page
G. Delbes, C. Levacher, and R. Habert
Estrogen effects on fetal and neonatal testicular development.
Reproduction, October 1, 2006; 132(4): 527 - 538.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
M. Messina, W. McCaskill-Stevens, and J. W. Lampe
Addressing the soy and breast cancer relationship: review, commentary, and workshop proceedings.
J Natl Cancer Inst, September 20, 2006; 98(18): 1275 - 1284.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
B. T. Zhu, G.-Z. Han, J.-Y. Shim, Y. Wen, and X.-R. Jiang
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Various Endogenous Estrogen Metabolites for Human Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and {beta} Subtypes: Insights into the Structural Determinants Favoring a Differential Subtype Binding
Endocrinology, September 1, 2006; 147(9): 4132 - 4150.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. A. Madureira, R. Varshochi, D. Constantinidou, R. E. Francis, R. C. Coombes, K.-M. Yao, and E. W.-F. Lam
The Forkhead Box M1 Protein Regulates the Transcription of the Estrogen Receptor {alpha} in Breast Cancer Cells
J. Biol. Chem., September 1, 2006; 281(35): 25167 - 25176.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. Nickerson, S. L. Kennedy, J. D. Johnson, and M. Fleshner
Sexual dimorphism of the intracellular heat shock protein 72 response
J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2006; 101(2): 566 - 575.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cereb CortexHome page
M. F. Kritzer
Regional, Laminar and Cellular Distribution of Immunoreactivity for ER{beta} in the Cerebral Cortex of Hormonally Intact, Postnatally Developing Male and Female Rats
Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2006; 16(8): 1181 - 1192.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
F. A. Babiker, D. Lips, R. Meyer, E. Delvaux, P. Zandberg, B. Janssen, G. van Eys, C. Grohe, and P. A. Doevendans
Estrogen Receptor {beta} Protects the Murine Heart Against Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2006; 26(7): 1524 - 1530.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
R. W. Hsieh, S. S. Rajan, S. K. Sharma, Y. Guo, E. R. DeSombre, M. Mrksich, and G. L. Greene
Identification of Ligands with Bicyclic Scaffolds Provides Insights into Mechanisms of Estrogen Receptor Subtype Selectivity
J. Biol. Chem., June 30, 2006; 281(26): 17909 - 17919.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Neurosci.Home page
L. B. J. Morales, K. K. Loo, H.-b. Liu, C. Peterson, S. Tiwari-Woodruff, and R. R. Voskuhl
Treatment with an estrogen receptor alpha ligand is neuroprotective in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
J. Neurosci., June 21, 2006; 26(25): 6823 - 6833.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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