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Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University (C.M., T.T., T.S.), 15-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142; and Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (H.T., T.T., Y.O., Y.K., N.K.), Shizuoka 412, Japan; and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center (C.C.P., H.K., L.G.R.), Farmington, Connecticut 06030
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Tatsuo Suda, Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 15-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142, Japan.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces osteoclast-like cell (osteoclast)
formation in a dose-dependent fashion in cocultures of mouse bone
marrow cells and osteoblastic cells when soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R)
is present. Simultaneous treatment with submaximal doses of IL-1
and
IL-6 with sIL-6R caused marked induction of osteoclast formation and
PGE2 synthesis. These effects were suppressed by adding
neutralizing antibodies against IL-1
or IL-6R and were totally
abolished by adding nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, such as
indomethacin and a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor
(NS398). In mouse osteoblastic cells, both IL-1
and IL-6 with sIL-6R
markedly induced messenger RNA expression of COX-2, but not COX-1, as
determined by Northern blot analysis, and luciferase activity in cells
stably transfected with a COX-2 promoter-luciferase fusion construct.
IL-6 and sIL-6R, when added separately, did not stimulate COX-2
messenger RNA expression. Simultaneous addition of IL-1
and IL-6
with sIL-6R to osteoblast cultures cooperatively induced transcription
of COX-2, which was associated with a marked increase in COX activity
measured by the conversion of arachidonic acid into PGE2.
The increased PGE2 synthesis by osteoblasts may play an
important role in osteoclastogenesis induced by submaximal doses of
IL-1 and IL-6.
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