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Origin of Substrate Specificity of Human and Rat 17ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1, Using Chimeric Enzymes and Site-Directed Substitutions¹

Biocenter Oulu and Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.P., M.P., R.V., P.V.), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc. (D.G.), Buffalo, New York 14203; and Roswell Park Cancer Institute (D.G.), Buffalo, New York 14263

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Prof. Pirkko Vihko, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland. E-mail: pvihko{at}whoccr.oulu.fi

Human 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) type 1 predominantly catalyzes the 17ß-reduction of estrone to estradiol. The present results, however, show that rat 17-HSD type 1 equally uses both estrone and androstenedione as substrates. Analyzing the activity of various rat/human chimeric enzymes indicated that the region between amino acids 148 and 268 is responsible for the difference in substrate specificity, which is in line with the structural data showing that the recognition end of the active site is primarily at residues 185–230. The enzymes are highly conserved between amino acids 148–191, and the data indicate that in this region Asn¹⁵²HisAsp¹⁵³Glu and Pro¹⁸⁷Ala variations are most closely related to the differential steroid specificity. The structural analyses furthermore suggested that the presence of His instead of Asn at position 152 of the human enzyme might result in considerable rearrangement of the loop located close to the ß-face of the A- and B-rings of the bound substrate, and that the Pro¹⁸⁷Ala variation could modify the flexible region involved in substrate recognition and access of the substrate to the active site. Altogether, our results indicate that the Asn¹⁵²His and Pro¹⁸⁷Ala variations, together with several amino acid variations at the recognition end of the catalytic cleft built by residues 190–230, alter the structure of the active site of rat 17-HSD type 1 to one more favorable to an androgenic substrate.

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