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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the McClellan Veterans Administration Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Teresita Bellido, Ph.D., Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Mail Slot 587, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205. E-mail: TMBELLIDO{at}LIFE.UAMS.EDU
We have previously established that stromal/osteoblastic cells
collectively express receptors for all members of the cytokine
subfamily that share the gp130 signal transducer and that different
receptor repertoires may be expressed at different stages of
differentiation of this lineage. We have now used human (MG-63) and
murine (MC3T3-E1) osteoblastic cell lines as well as primary murine
calvaria cells to test the hypothesis that these receptors mediate
effects of the cytokines on the biology of osteoblasts. We report that
as in other cell types, all of the osteoblastic cell models responded
to interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type cytokines with activation of both the
JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of
transcription) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
pathways. In addition, IL-6-type cytokines stimulated alkaline
phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression and inhibited (MG-63),
stimulated (MC3T3-E1), or had no effect (calvaria cells) on the rate of
cell proliferation. The ability of a given cell type to respond to a
particular member of this family of cytokines was strictly dependent on
the presence of the corresponding ligand-binding subunit (
) of the
cytokine receptor, and the magnitude of all the effects was closely
correlated with the concentration of this subunit. The relative
contribution of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways to the biological
effects of the cytokines was evaluated using kinase inhibitors.
Cytokine-mediated modulation of cell proliferation as well as
stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity were abrogated by tyrosine
kinase inhibitors as well as a threonine/serine kinase inhibitor, but
were only minimally affected by a specific inhibitor of MAPK
phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that IL-6-type cytokines,
besides their osteoclastogenic properties, promote differentiation of
committed osteoblastic cells toward a more mature phenotype and that
this action is mediated primarily via the activation of the JAK/STAT
pathway.
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