This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Griffin, C. Articles by Gannon, F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Griffin, C. Articles by Gannon, F.

Identification of Novel Chicken Estrogen Receptor- Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Isoforms Generated by Alternative Splicing and Promoter Usage¹

EMBL (C.G., G.F.V.S.-B., F.G.), D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; and National Diagnostic Center, National University of Ireland (C.G., P.N.), Galway, Ireland

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Frank Gannon, EMBL, Postfach 10.2209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69012, Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: gannon{at}embl-heidelberg.de

Using the rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE) methodology we have identified three new chicken estrogen receptor- (cER) messenger RNA (mRNA) variants in addition to the previously described form (isoform A). Whereas one of the new variants (isoform B) presents a 5'-extremity contiguous to the 5'-end of isoform A, the two other forms (isoforms C and D) are generated by alternative splicing of upstream exons (C and D) to a common site situated 70 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site in the previously assigned exon 1 (A). The 3'-end of exon 1C has been located at position -1334 upstream of the transcription start site of the A isoform (+1). Whereas the genomic location of exon 1D is unknown, 700 bp 5' to this exon were isolated by genomic walking, and their sequence was determined. The transcription start sites of the cER mRNA isoforms were defined. In transfection experiments, the regions immediately upstream of the A–D cER mRNA isoforms were shown to possess cell-specific promoter activities. Three of these promoters were down-regulated in the presence of estradiol and ER protein. It is concluded, therefore, that the expression of the four different cER mRNA isoforms is under the control of four different promoters. Finally, RT-PCR, S1 nuclease mapping, and primer extension analysis of these different cER mRNA isoforms revealed a differential pattern of expression of the cER gene in chicken tissues. Together, the results suggest that alternative 5'-splicing and promoter usage may be mechanisms used to modulate the levels of expression of the chicken ER gene in a tissue-specific and/or developmental stage-specific manner.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. M. Kennedy, K. L. Shogren, M. Zhang, R. T. Turner, T. C. Spelsberg, and A. Maran 17{beta}-Estradiol-Dependent Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 in Human Fetal Osteoblasts Is Dependent on Src Kinase Activity Endocrinology, January 1, 2005; 146(1): 201 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Corti, R. W. E. Clarkson, L. Crepaldi, C. F. Sala, J. H. Xuereb, and F. Ferraguti Gene Structure of the Human Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 and Functional Analysis of Its Multiple Promoters in Neuroblastoma and Astroglioma Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 29, 2003; 278(35): 33105 - 33119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Flouriot, H. Brand, B. Seraphin, and F. Gannon Natural Trans-spliced mRNAs Are Generated from the Human Estrogen Receptor-alpha (hERalpha ) Gene J. Biol. Chem., July 12, 2002; 277(29): 26244 - 26251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kos, G. Reid, S. Denger, and F. Gannon Minireview: Genomic Organization of the Human ER{alpha} Gene Promoter Region Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2001; 15(12): 2057 - 2063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Denger, G. Reid, M. Kos, G. Flouriot, D. Parsch, H. Brand, K. S. Korach, V. Sonntag-Buck, and F. Gannon ER{alpha} Gene Expression in Human Primary Osteoblasts: Evidence for the Expression of Two Receptor Proteins Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2001; 15(12): 2064 - 2077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Menuet, I. Anglade, G. Flouriot, F. Pakdel, and O. Kah Tissue-Specific Expression of Two Structurally Different Estrogen Receptor Alpha Isoforms along the Female Reproductive Axis of an Oviparous Species, the Rainbow Trout Biol Reprod, November 1, 2001; 65(5): 1548 - 1557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Griffin, G. Flouriot, P. Sharp, G. Greene, and F. Gannon Distribution Analysis of the Two Chicken Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Isoforms and Their Transcripts in the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Biol Reprod, October 1, 2001; 65(4): 1156 - 1163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Griffin, G. Flouriot, V. Sonntag-Buck, and F. Gannon Two Functionally Different Protein Isoforms Are Produced from the Chicken Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Gene Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 1999; 13(9): 1571 - 1587. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Luconi, M. Muratori, G. Forti, and E. Baldi Identification and Characterization of a Novel Functional Estrogen Receptor on Human Sperm Membrane That Interferes with Progesterone Effects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1999; 84(5): 1670 - 1678. [Abstract] [Full Text]