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-Mediated Insulin Resistance in Genetic Obesity1
Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. E-mail: ghotamis{at}hsph.harvard.edu
Although obesity has become the most common metabolic disorder in the
developed world and is highly associated with insulin resistance and
noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the molecular mechanisms
underlying these disorders are not clearly understood. Tumor necrosis
factor-
(TNF-
) is overexpressed in obesity and is a candidate
mediator of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Complete lack of
TNF-
function through targeted mutations in TNF-
gene or both of
its receptors results in significant improvement of insulin sensitivity
in dietary, chemical, or genetic models of rodent obesity. In this
study, we have analyzed the in vivo role of TNF
signaling from p55 [TNF receptor (TNFR) 1] and p75 (TNFR 2)
TNFR in the development of insulin resistance by generating
genetically obese mice (ob/ob) lacking p55 or p75 TNFRs.
In the ob/ob mice, the absence of p55 caused a
significant improvement in insulin sensitivity. p75 deficiency alone
did not affect insulin sensitivity but might potentiate the effects of
p55 deficiency in animals lacking both TNFRs. These results indicate
that TNF-
is a component of insulin resistance in the
ob/ob model of murine obesity and p55 TNFR is the
predominant receptor mediating its actions.
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