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Endocrinology Vol. 139, No. 12 5151-5156
Copyright © 1998 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Estrogen Receptor-ß Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Pituitary Gland1

Melinda E. Wilson2, Richard H. Price, Jr. and Robert J. Handa

Program in Molecular Biology (M.E.W., R.J.H.) and the Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy (R.H.P., R.J.H.), Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Robert J. Handa, Ph.D., Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523. E-mail: rhanda{at}cvmbs.colostate.edu

Estrogen plays a key role in the regulation of many pituitary hormones. The presence of estrogen receptor-ß (ERß) messenger RNA (mRNA) has been demonstrated in the adult anterior pituitary by RT-PCR to be at a level much greater than that of ERß mRNA. Because the number of ERs has been shown to change during development, in this study we examined the distribution of pituitary ERß mRNA in adult and prepubertal rats. Using RT-PCR, we confirmed that ERß mRNA expression is less than that of ER{alpha} mRNA in adult females. In contrast, in prepubertal female pituitaries, ERß mRNA levels are much greater than those of ER{alpha} mRNA. Film densitometric analysis of whole pituitaries, similarly showed that ERß mRNA is greater in prepubertal pituitaries than in adult pituitaries. However, after emulsion autoradiography, cell counts confirmed that prepubertal and adult pituitaries differ, not in the level of ERß mRNA expression, but in the number of cells expressing ERß mRNA. In postnatal day 15 pituitaries, there were twice as many cells per mm2 as in adults. A comparison between prepubertal males and females showed that females exhibited a 2-fold greater level of ERß mRNA expression. To determine which cell types express ERß mRNA, we performed in situ hybridization for ERß mRNA coupled with immunohistochemistry for FSH or PRL. In prepubertal pituitaries, 84.5 ± 2.3% of FSH-immunoreactive cells also express ERß. Nearly all of the PRL-immunoreactive cells lacked ERß mRNA. These data demonstrate sex- and age-related differences in ERß mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary. Furthermore, these data suggest that ERß is not the specific mediator of estrogen action in lactotrophs, whereas ERß may be the prime mediator of estrogen action in FSH-containing gonadotrophs.




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