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Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Silvia Misiti, G. W. Thorn Research Building, Room 1005, Brigham and Womens Hospital, 20 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. E-mail: misiti{at}rascal.med.harvard.edu
Steroid/thyroid/retinoid receptors are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and ligand-inducible transcription factors. These receptors modulate transcription of various cellular genes, either positively or negatively, by interacting with specific hormone-response elements located in the target gene promoters. Recent data show that nuclear receptors enhance or inhibit transcription by recruiting an array of coactivator and corepressor proteins to the transcription complex. We examined and compared the expression of four coactivator (steroid receptor coactivator-1 and E1A-associated 300-kDa protein) and corepressor (SMRT and N-CoR) genes in a number of tissues including several endocrine glands and cell lines. We also addressed whether their messenger RNA levels are hormonally regulated by studying the effects of thyroid hormone (T3) and estrogen (E2) treatment in rat pituitary cells (GH3) in vitro and in anterior pituitary in vivo. Our studies show that there are distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of these genes. We show that T3 and E2 regulate the expression of steroid receptor coactivator-1 messenger RNA in the anterior pituitary in addition to a gender-related difference. These tissue variations may have physiological implications for heterogeneity of hormone responses that are observed in normal and malignant tissues.
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E. M. Apostolakis, M. Ramamurphy, D. Zhou, S. Onate, and B. W. O'Malley Acute Disruption of Select Steroid Receptor Coactivators Prevents Reproductive Behavior in Rats and Unmasks Genetic Adaptation in Knockout Mice Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2002; 16(7): 1511 - 1523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. A. Molenda, A. L. Griffin, A. P. Auger, M. M. McCarthy, and M. J. Tetel Nuclear Receptor Coactivators Modulate Hormone-Dependent Gene Expression in Brain and Female Reproductive Behavior in Rats Endocrinology, February 1, 2002; 143(2): 436 - 444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. B. Potter, G. M.J. Beaudoin III, C. L. DeRenzo, J. M. Zarach, S. H. Chen, and C. C. Thompson The hairless gene mutated in congenital hair loss disorders encodes a novel nuclear receptor corepressor Genes & Dev., October 15, 2001; 15(20): 2687 - 2701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. Giannoukos, D. Szapary, C. L. Smith, J. E. W. Meeker, and S. S. Simons Jr. New Antiprogestins with Partial Agonist Activity: Potential Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators (SPRMs) and Probes for Receptor- and Coregulator-Induced Changes in Progesterone Receptor Induction Properties Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2001; 15(2): 255 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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K.-h. Lin and Y.-h. Wu shen-liang chen Impaired Interaction of Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptors Associated with Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Transcriptional Coregulators Endocrinology, February 1, 2001; 142(2): 653 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Levallet, P. Koskimies, N. Rahman, and I. Huhtaniemi The Promoter of Murine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor: Functional Characterization and Regulation by Transcription Factor Steroidogenic Factor 1 Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2001; 15(1): 80 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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Q.-L. Li, E. Jansen, G. A. Brent, and T. C. Friedman Regulation of prohormone convertase 1 (PC1) by thyroid hormone Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2001; 280(1): E160 - E170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J.-a. Tan, S. H. Hall, P. Petrusz, and F. S. French Thyroid Receptor Activator Molecule, TRAM-1, Is an Androgen Receptor Coactivator Endocrinology, September 1, 2000; 141(9): 3440 - 3450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Garcia, D. Lacasa, and Y. Giudicelli Estradiol Stimulation of c-fos and c-jun Expressions and Activator Protein-1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Binding Activity in Rat White Adipocyte Endocrinology, August 1, 2000; 141(8): 2837 - 2846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. P. Nephew, S. Ray, M. Hlaing, A. Ahluwalia, S. D. Wu, X. Long, S. M. Hyder, and R. M. Bigsby Expression of Estrogen Receptor Coactivators in the Rat Uterus Biol Reprod, August 1, 2000; 63(2): 361 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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O. C. Meijer, P. J. Steenbergen, and E. R. de Kloet Differential Expression and Regional Distribution of Steroid Receptor Coactivators SRC-1 and SRC-2 in Brain and Pituitary Endocrinology, June 1, 2000; 141(6): 2192 - 2199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. M. de Arrieta, N. Koibuchi, and W. W. Chin Coactivator and Corepressor Gene Expression in Rat Cerebellum during Postnatal Development and the Effect of Altered Thyroid Status Endocrinology, May 1, 2000; 141(5): 1693 - 1698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S.-K. Lee, J.-H. Kim, Y. C. Lee, J. Cheong, and J. W. Lee Silencing Mediator of Retinoic Acid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors, as a Novel Transcriptional Corepressor Molecule of Activating Protein-1, Nuclear Factor-kappa B, and Serum Response Factor J. Biol. Chem., April 21, 2000; 275(17): 12470 - 12474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X.-g. Zhu, K. S. Park, M. Kaneshige, M. K. Bhat, Q. Zhu, C. N. Mariash, P. McPhie, and S.-y. Cheng The Orphan Nuclear Receptor Ear-2 Is a Negative Coregulator for Thyroid Hormone Nuclear Receptor Function Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 2000; 20(7): 2604 - 2618. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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E. M. Resnick, D. A. Schreihofer, A. Periasamy, and M. A. Shupnik Truncated Estrogen Receptor Product-1 Suppresses Estrogen Receptor Transactivation by Dimerization with Estrogen Receptors alpha and beta J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 2000; 275(10): 7158 - 7166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. Szapary, Y. Huang, and S. S. Simons Jr. Opposing Effects of Corepressor and Coactivators in Determining the Dose-Response Curve of Agonists, and Residual Agonist Activity of Antagonists, for Glucocorticoid Receptor-Regulated Gene Expression Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 1999; 13(12): 2108 - 2121. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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E. Raspé, L. Madsen, A-M. Lefebvre, I. Leitersdorf, L. Gelman, J. Peinado-Onsurbe, J. Dallongeville, J-C. Fruchart, R. Berge, and B. Staels Modulation of rat liver apolipoprotein gene expression and serum lipid levels by tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) via PPAR{alpha} activation J. Lipid Res., November 1, 1999; 40(11): 2099 - 2110. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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L. I. McKay and J. A. Cidlowski Molecular Control of Immune/Inflammatory Responses: Interactions Between Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B and Steroid Receptor-Signaling Pathways Endocr. Rev., August 1, 1999; 20(4): 435 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. E. Robinson, X. Wu, Z. Nawaz, S. A. Onãte, and J. M. Gimble A Corepressor and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcriptional Factor Proteins Modulate Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}2/Retinoid X Receptor {alpha}-Activated Transcription from the Murine Lipoprotein Lipase Promoter Endocrinology, April 1, 1999; 140(4): 1586 - 1593. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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A. Z. Chaudhry, A. D. Vitullo, and R. M. Gronostajski Nuclear Factor I-mediated Repression of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Promoter Is Abrogated by the Coactivators p300/CBP and SRC-1 J. Biol. Chem., March 12, 1999; 274(11): 7072 - 7081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Treuter, L. Johansson, J. S. Thomsen, A. Warnmark, J. Leers, M. Pelto-Huikko, M. Sjoberg, A. P. H. Wright, G. Spyrou, and J.-A. Gustafsson Competition between Thyroid Hormone Receptor-associated Protein (TRAP) 220 and Transcriptional Intermediary Factor (TIF) 2 for Binding to Nuclear Receptors. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF TRAP AND p160 COACTIVATOR COMPLEXES J. Biol. Chem., March 5, 1999; 274(10): 6667 - 6677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W.-S. Shim, J. DiRenzo, J. A. DeCaprio, R. J. Santen, M. Brown, and M.-H. Jeng Segregation of steroid receptor coactivator-1 from steroid receptors in mammary epithelium PNAS, January 5, 1999; 96(1): 208 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. Tagami, W.-X. Gu, P. T. Peairs, B. L. West, and J. L. Jameson A Novel Natural Mutation in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Defines a Dual Functional Domain That Exchanges Nuclear Receptor Corepressors and Coactivators Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 1998; 12(12): 1888 - 1902. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. Chen, N. J. Sarlis, and S. S. Simons Jr. Evidence for a Common Step in Three Different Processes for Modulating the Kinetic Properties of Glucocorticoid Receptor-induced Gene Transcription J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 2000; 275(39): 30106 - 30117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L.-N. Song, B. Huse, S. Rusconi, and S. S. Simons Jr. Transactivation Specificity of Glucocorticoid Versus Progesterone Receptors. ROLE OF FUNCTIONALLY DIFFERENT INTERACTIONS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS WITH AMINO- AND CARBOXYL-TERMINAL RECEPTOR DOMAINS J. Biol. Chem., June 29, 2001; 276(27): 24806 - 24816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Xu, L. Liao, G. Ning, H. Yoshida-Komiya, C. Deng, and B. W. O'Malley The steroid receptor coactivator SRC-3 (p/CIP/RAC3/AIB1/ACTR/TRAM-1) is required for normal growth, puberty, female reproductive function, and mammary gland development PNAS, June 6, 2000; 97(12): 6379 - 6384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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