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and ß in the Rat Pituitary Gland1
Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Nira Ben-Jonathan, Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Bethesda Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0521.
The pituitary gland is a heterogeneous tissue comprised of several
hormone secreting and supporting cells, most of which are targeted by
estrogens. Estrogen-induced changes in the pituitary are presumably
mediated via the classical estrogen receptor, ER
. However, a novel
receptor, ERß, and pituitary-specific truncated estrogen receptor
products (TERPs) were recently identified. The objectives of this study
were to examine the distribution of these receptors in the rat
pituitary and compare their regulation by estradiol in
Sprague-Dawley and the estrogen-sensitive Fischer 344
rats.
Pituitary cryosections were subjected to immunocytochemistry for
specific cell types, followed by in situ hybridization
for ER or ERß. ER was expressed by approximately 45% of the
lactotrophs and melanotrophs, 35% of the corticotrophs and
folliculo-stellate cells, and 25% of the gonadotrophs. The expression
of ERß showed a similar pattern but was generally lower than ER.
In two cell types, melanotrophs and gonadotrophs, ERß expression was
significantly lower than ER. In the second experiment, pituitary
sections were immunostained for ER, followed by in
situ hybridization for ERß. Only a minute population
(6–10%) of either anterior or intermediate lobe cells coexpressed
ER and ERß. In the next experiment, Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley
rats were injected with oil or estradiol for 24 h. Total RNA from
dissected anterior and posterior (neurointermediate) pituitaries was
subjected to RT-PCR for ER, ERß, or TERPs. Interestingly, ER
and ERß were unchanged by estradiol in either lobe of the pituitary.
In contrast, estradiol increased pituitary TERP messenger RNA levels 4-
to 7-fold. A 20-kDa TERP protein was detected by Western blots in the
pituitary but not the uterus. There were no differences in the
estradiol-induced expression of any of the receptors between the two
strains of rats.
We conclude that: 1) ERß is expressed in all anterior and
intermediate lobe cell types examined, albeit at a lower level than
ER; 2) no more than 10% of pituitary cells coexpress ER and
ERß; and 3) estradiol markedly increases TERP messenger RNA levels
but does not alter the expression of ER or ERß. We propose that
estrogen receptor heterogeneity contributes to the diversity of
pituitary cell responsiveness to estrogens.
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N. Ben-Jonathan and R. Hnasko Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2001; 22(6): 724 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Schreihofer, E. M. Resnick, V. Y. Lin, and M. A. Shupnik Ligand-Independent Activation of Pituitary ER: Dependence on PKA-Stimulated Pathways Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3361 - 3368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. McGarvey, P. S. Cates, A. N. Brooks, I. A. Swanson, S. R. Milligan, C. W. Coen, and K. T. O'Byrne Phytoestrogens and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator Activity and Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Rat Endocrinology, March 1, 2001; 142(3): 1202 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Khurana, S. Ranmal, and N. Ben-Jonathan Exposure of Newborn Male and Female Rats to Environmental Estrogens: Delayed and Sustained Hyperprolactinemia and Alterations in Estrogen Receptor Expression Endocrinology, December 1, 2000; 141(12): 4512 - 4517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. C. Danila, X. Zhang, Y. Zhou, G. R. Dickersin, J. A. Fletcher, E. T. Hedley-Whyte, M. K. Selig, S. R. Johnson, and A. Klibanski A Human Pituitary Tumor-Derived Folliculostellate Cell Line J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1180 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. Nishihara, Y. Nagayama, S. Inoue, H. Hiroi, M. Muramatsu, S. Yamashita, and T. Koji Ontogenetic Changes in the Expression of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and {beta} in Rat Pituitary Gland Detected by Immunohistochemistry Endocrinology, February 1, 2000; 141(2): 615 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Tan, B. C. Paria, S. K. Dey, and S. K. Das Differential Uterine Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Correlates with Uterine Preparation for Implantation and Decidualization in the Mouse Endocrinology, November 1, 1999; 140(11): 5310 - 5321. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Pelletier, V. Luu-The, A. Charbonneau, and F. Labrie Cellular Localization of Estrogen Receptor Beta Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Cynomolgus Monkey Reproductive Organs Biol Reprod, November 1, 1999; 61(5): 1249 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. F. Couse and K. S. Korach Estrogen Receptor Null Mice: What Have We Learned and Where Will They Lead Us? Endocr. Rev., June 1, 1999; 20(3): 358 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Pasqualini, D. Guivarc’h, Y. v. Boxberg, F. Nothias, J.-D. Vincent, and P. Vernier Stage- and Region-Specific Expression of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Isoforms during Ontogeny of the Pituitary Gland Endocrinology, June 1, 1999; 140(6): 2781 - 2789. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. J. Routledge, R. White, M. G. Parker, and J. P. Sumpter Differential Effects of Xenoestrogens on Coactivator Recruitment by Estrogen Receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2000; 275(46): 35986 - 35993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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