| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
ARTICLES |
and ß in the Rat Pituitary Gland1
Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Nira Ben-Jonathan, Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Bethesda Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0521.
The pituitary gland is a heterogeneous tissue comprised of several
hormone secreting and supporting cells, most of which are targeted by
estrogens. Estrogen-induced changes in the pituitary are presumably
mediated via the classical estrogen receptor, ER
. However, a novel
receptor, ERß, and pituitary-specific truncated estrogen receptor
products (TERPs) were recently identified. The objectives of this study
were to examine the distribution of these receptors in the rat
pituitary and compare their regulation by estradiol in
Sprague-Dawley and the estrogen-sensitive Fischer 344
rats.
Pituitary cryosections were subjected to immunocytochemistry for
specific cell types, followed by in situ hybridization
for ER or ERß. ER was expressed by approximately 45% of the
lactotrophs and melanotrophs, 35% of the corticotrophs and
folliculo-stellate cells, and 25% of the gonadotrophs. The expression
of ERß showed a similar pattern but was generally lower than ER.
In two cell types, melanotrophs and gonadotrophs, ERß expression was
significantly lower than ER. In the second experiment, pituitary
sections were immunostained for ER, followed by in
situ hybridization for ERß. Only a minute population
(6–10%) of either anterior or intermediate lobe cells coexpressed
ER and ERß. In the next experiment, Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley
rats were injected with oil or estradiol for 24 h. Total RNA from
dissected anterior and posterior (neurointermediate) pituitaries was
subjected to RT-PCR for ER, ERß, or TERPs. Interestingly, ER
and ERß were unchanged by estradiol in either lobe of the pituitary.
In contrast, estradiol increased pituitary TERP messenger RNA levels 4-
to 7-fold. A 20-kDa TERP protein was detected by Western blots in the
pituitary but not the uterus. There were no differences in the
estradiol-induced expression of any of the receptors between the two
strains of rats.
We conclude that: 1) ERß is expressed in all anterior and
intermediate lobe cell types examined, albeit at a lower level than
ER; 2) no more than 10% of pituitary cells coexpress ER and
ERß; and 3) estradiol markedly increases TERP messenger RNA levels
but does not alter the expression of ER or ERß. We propose that
estrogen receptor heterogeneity contributes to the diversity of
pituitary cell responsiveness to estrogens.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. Gordon, R. Aguilar, J. C. Garrido-Gracia, S. Guil-Luna, R. Sanchez-Cespedes, Y. Millan, J. Martin de las Mulas, and J. E. Sanchez-Criado Activation of estrogen receptor-{alpha} induces gonadotroph progesterone receptor expression and action differently in young and middle-aged ovariectomized rats Hum. Reprod., July 2, 2009; (2009) dep237v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Zarate, G. Jaita, V. Zaldivar, D. B. Radl, G. Eijo, J. Ferraris, D. Pisera, and A. Seilicovich Estrogens exert a rapid apoptotic action in anterior pituitary cells Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2009; 296(4): E664 - E671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L A Nolan and A Levy Prolonged oestrogen treatment does not correlate with a sustained increase in anterior pituitary mitotic index in ovariectomized Wistar rats J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2009; 200(3): 301 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ben-Jonathan, C. R. LaPensee, and E. W. LaPensee What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans? Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2008; 29(1): 1 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Gieske, H. J. Kim, S. J. Legan, Y. Koo, A. Krust, P. Chambon, and C. Ko Pituitary Gonadotroph Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Is Necessary for Fertility in Females Endocrinology, January 1, 2008; 149(1): 20 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Kim, M. C Gieske, S. Hudgins, B. G. Kim, A. Krust, P. Chambon, and C. Ko Estrogen receptor {alpha}-induced cholecystokinin type A receptor expression in the female mouse pituitary J. Endocrinol., December 1, 2007; 195(3): 393 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kitahashi, S. Ogawa, T. Soga, Y. Sakuma, and I. Parhar Sexual Maturation Modulates Expression of Nuclear Receptor Types in Laser-Captured Single Cells of the Cichlid (Oreochromis niloticus) Pituitary Endocrinology, December 1, 2007; 148(12): 5822 - 5830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Arreguin-Arevalo, T. L. Davis, and T. M. Nett Differential Modulation of Gonadotropin Secretion by Selective Estrogen Receptor 1 and Estrogen Receptor 2 Agonists in Ovariectomized Ewes Biol Reprod, August 1, 2007; 77(2): 320 - 328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ishida, W. Takahashi, S. Itoh, S. Shimodaira, S. Maeda, and J. Arita Estrogen Actions on Lactotroph Proliferation Are Independent of a Paracrine Interaction with Other Pituitary Cell Types: A Study Using Lactotroph-Enriched Cells Endocrinology, July 1, 2007; 148(7): 3131 - 3139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Zheng, M. Jimenez-Linan, B. S. Rubin, and L. M. Halvorson Anterior Pituitary Gene Expression with Reproductive Aging in the Female Rat Biol Reprod, June 1, 2007; 76(6): 1091 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C Garrido-Gracia, A. Gordon, C. Bellido, R. Aguilar, I. Barranco, Y. Millan, J. M. de las Mulas, and J. E Sanchez-Criado The integrated action of oestrogen receptor isoforms and sites with progesterone receptor in the gonadotrope modulates LH secretion: evidence from tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized rats J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 193(1): 107 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Davies, S. Omer, J. F Morris, and H. C Christian The influence of 17{beta}-estradiol on annexin 1 expression in the anterior pituitary of the female rat and in a folliculo-stellate cell line J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 192(2): 429 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Qiu, M. A. Bosch, K. Jamali, C. Xue, M. J. Kelly, and O. K. Ronnekleiv Estrogen Upregulates T-Type Calcium Channels in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary J. Neurosci., October 25, 2006; 26(43): 11072 - 11082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. E. Messinis Ovarian feedback, mechanism of action and possible clinical implications Hum. Reprod. Update, September 1, 2006; 12(5): 557 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Galmiche, N. Richard, S. Corvaisier, and M.-L. Kottler The Expression of Aromatase in Gonadotropes Is Regulated by Estradiol and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in a Manner that Differs from the Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone Endocrinology, September 1, 2006; 147(9): 4234 - 4244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Hrabovszky, I. Kallo, G. F. Turi, K. May, G. Wittmann, C. Fekete, and Z. Liposits Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-2 in Gonadotrope and Thyrotrope Cells of the Rat Pituitary. Regulation by Estrogen and Thyroid Hormone Status Endocrinology, August 1, 2006; 147(8): 3818 - 3825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Aguilar, C Bellido, J C Garrido-Gracia, R Alonso, and J E Sanchez-Criado Estradiol and its membrane-impermeable conjugate estradiol-BSA inhibit tamoxifen-stimulated prolactin secretion in incubated rat pituitaries. Reproduction, April 1, 2006; 131(4): 763 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Sun, F. Zhang, J. Gao, X. Gao, T. Guo, K. Zhang, Y. Shi, Z. Zheng, W. Tang, Y. Zheng, et al. Positive association between POU1F1 and mental retardation in young females in the Chinese Han population Hum. Mol. Genet., April 1, 2006; 15(7): 1237 - 1243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Hatsumi and Y. Yamamuro Downregulation of Estrogen Receptor Gene Expression by Exogenous 17{beta}-Estradiol in the Mammary Glands of Lactating Mice. Experimental Biology and Medicine, March 1, 2006; 231(3): 311 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J E Sanchez-Criado, J M. de las Mulas, C Bellido, V M Navarro, R Aguilar, J C Garrido-Gracia, M M Malagon, M Tena-Sempere, and A Blanco Gonadotropin-secreting cells in ovariectomized rats treated with different oestrogen receptor ligands: a modulatory role for ER{beta} in the gonadotrope? J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 188(2): 167 - 177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Blake, L. M. Brown, M. W. Duncan, S. W. Hunsucker, and S. M. Helmke Estrogen Regulation of the Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland Proteome Experimental Biology and Medicine, December 1, 2005; 230(11): 800 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E Sanchez-Criado, C. Bellido, R. Aguilar, and J. C Garrido-Gracia A paradoxical inhibitory effect of oestradiol-17{beta} on GnRH self-priming in pituitaries from tamoxifen-treated rats J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 186(1): 43 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gomes, S.-D. Oh, J.-W. Kim, S.-Y. Chun, K. Lee, H.-B. Kwon, and J. Soh Expression of the Putative Sterol Binding Protein Stard6 Gene Is Male Germ Cell Specific Biol Reprod, March 1, 2005; 72(3): 651 - 658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J E Sanchez-Criado, J M. de las Mulas, C Bellido, R Aguilar, and J C Garrido-Gracia Gonadotrope oestrogen receptor-{alpha} and -{beta} and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity after ovariectomy and exposure to oestradiol benzoate, tamoxifen or raloxifene in the rat: correlation with LH secretion J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2005; 184(1): 59 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. van de Stolpe, A. J. Slycke, M. O. Reinders, A. W. M. Zomer, S. Goodenough, C. Behl, A. F. Seasholtz, and P. T. van der Saag Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Binding Protein Promoter: Differential Effects of ER{alpha} and ER{beta} Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2004; 18(12): 2908 - 2923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Tury, G Mairet-Coello, F Poncet, C Jacquemard, P Y Risold, D Fellmann, and B Griffond QSOX sulfhydryl oxidase in rat adenohypophysis: localization and regulation by estrogens J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2004; 183(2): 353 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Pelletier, V Luu-The, S Li, L Ren, and F Labrie Localization of 17{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA in mouse tissues J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2004; 33(2): 459 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Jorgensen, C. C. Quirk, and J. H. Nilson Multiple and Overlapping Combinatorial Codes Orchestrate Hormonal Responsiveness and Dictate Cell-Specific Expression of the Genes Encoding Luteinizing Hormone Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2004; 25(4): 521 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Hill, J. H. Urban, M. Xu, and J. E. Levine Estrogen Induces Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 Receptor Gene Expression and Responsiveness to NPY in Gonadotrope-Enriched Pituitary Cell Cultures Endocrinology, May 1, 2004; 145(5): 2283 - 2290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Kuriyama, S. Takekoshi, K. Tojo, Y. Nakai, M. J. Kuhar, and R. Y. Osamura Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide in the Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland Is Localized in Gonadotrophs and Suppresses Prolactin Secretion Endocrinology, May 1, 2004; 145(5): 2542 - 2550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Oomizu, K. Chaturvedi, and D. K. Sarkar Folliculostellate Cells Determine the Susceptibility of Lactotropes to Estradiol's Mitogenic Action Endocrinology, March 1, 2004; 145(3): 1473 - 1480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tena-Sempere, V.M. Navarro, A. Mayen, C. Bellido, and J.E. Sanchez-Criado Regulation of Estrogen Receptor (ER) Isoform Messenger RNA Expression by Different ER Ligands in Female Rat Pituitary Biol Reprod, March 1, 2004; 70(3): 671 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yan, M. E. E. Jones, M. Hernandez, D. Liu, E. R. Simpson, and C. Chen Functional Modification of Pituitary Somatotropes in the Aromatase Knockout Mouse and the Effect of Estrogen Replacement Endocrinology, February 1, 2004; 145(2): 604 - 612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Schausi, C. Tiffoche, and M.-L. Thieulant Regulation of the Intronic Promoter of Rat Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Gene, Responsible for Truncated Estrogen Receptor Product-1 Expression Endocrinology, July 1, 2003; 144(7): 2845 - 2855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Meeran, H. F. Urbanski, S. J. Gregory, J. Townsend, and D. J. Tortonese Developmental Changes in the Hormonal Identity of Gonadotroph Cells in the Rhesus Monkey Pituitary Gland J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2934 - 2942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. B. Cavaco, C. R.A. Santos, P. M. Ingleton, A. V.M. Canario, and D. M. Power Quantification of Prolactin (PRL) and PRL Receptor Messenger RNA in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) after Treatment with Estradiol-17{beta} Biol Reprod, February 1, 2003; 68(2): 588 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Schreihofer, D. F. Rowe, E. F. Rissman, E. M. Scordalakes, J.-a. Gustafsson, and M. A. Shupnik Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} (ER{alpha}), But Not ER{beta}, Modulates Estrogen Stimulation of the ER{alpha}-Truncated Variant, TERP-1 Endocrinology, November 1, 2002; 143(11): 4196 - 4202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Vaillant, F. Chesnel, D. Schausi, C. Tiffoche, and M.-L. Thieulant Expression of Estrogen Receptor Subtypes in Rat Pituitary Gland during Pregnancy and Lactation Endocrinology, November 1, 2002; 143(11): 4249 - 4258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Candolfi, V. Zaldivar, A. De Laurentiis, G. Jaita, D. Pisera, and A. Seilicovich TNF-{alpha} Induces Apoptosis of Lactotropes from Female Rats Endocrinology, September 1, 2002; 143(9): 3611 - 3617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Robertson, L. O'Donnell, E. R. Simpson, and M. E. E. Jones The Phenotype of the Aromatase Knockout Mouse Reveals Dietary Phytoestrogens Impact Significantly on Testis Function Endocrinology, August 1, 2002; 143(8): 2913 - 2921. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H C Christian and J F Morris Rapid actions of 17{beta}-oestradiol on a subset of lactotrophs in the rat pituitary J. Physiol., March 1, 2002; 539(2): 557 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ben-Jonathan and R. Hnasko Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2001; 22(6): 724 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tiffoche, C. Vaillant, D. Schausi, and M.-L. Thieulant Novel Intronic Promoter in the Rat ER{alpha} Gene Responsible for the Transient Transcription of a Variant Receptor Endocrinology, September 1, 2001; 142(9): 4106 - 4119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Demay, M. De Monti, C. Tiffoche, C. Vaillant, and M. L. Thieulant Steroid-Independent Activation of ER by GnRH in Gonadotrope Pituitary Cells Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3340 - 3347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Schreihofer, E. M. Resnick, V. Y. Lin, and M. A. Shupnik Ligand-Independent Activation of Pituitary ER: Dependence on PKA-Stimulated Pathways Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3361 - 3368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. V. Childs, G. Unabia, and S. Komak Differential Expression of Estradiol Receptors Alpha and Beta by Gonadotropes During the Estrous Cycle J. Histochem. Cytochem., May 1, 2001; 49(5): 665 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. McGarvey, P. S. Cates, A. N. Brooks, I. A. Swanson, S. R. Milligan, C. W. Coen, and K. T. O'Byrne Phytoestrogens and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator Activity and Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Rat Endocrinology, March 1, 2001; 142(3): 1202 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Khurana, S. Ranmal, and N. Ben-Jonathan Exposure of Newborn Male and Female Rats to Environmental Estrogens: Delayed and Sustained Hyperprolactinemia and Alterations in Estrogen Receptor Expression Endocrinology, December 1, 2000; 141(12): 4512 - 4517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Molter-Gérard, A. Caraty, S. Guérin, J. Fontaine, and C. Taragnat Dynamic Changes in the Gonadotrope Cell Subpopulations During an Estradiol-Induced Surge in the Ewe Biol Reprod, October 1, 2000; 63(4): 1084 - 1091. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Ishunina, F. P. M. Kruijver, R. Balesar, and D. F. Swaab Differential Expression of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and {beta} Immunoreactivity in the Human Supraoptic Nucleus in Relation to Sex and Aging J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2000; 85(9): 3283 - 3291. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Schreihofer, M. H. Stoler, and M. A. Shupnik Differential Expression and Regulation of Estrogen Receptors (ERs) in Rat Pituitary and Cell Lines: Estrogen Decreases ER{alpha} Protein and Estrogen Responsiveness Endocrinology, June 1, 2000; 141(6): 2174 - 2184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. M. Resnick, D. A. Schreihofer, A. Periasamy, and M. A. Shupnik Truncated Estrogen Receptor Product-1 Suppresses Estrogen Receptor Transactivation by Dimerization with Estrogen Receptors alpha and beta J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 2000; 275(10): 7158 - 7166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Danila, X. Zhang, Y. Zhou, G. R. Dickersin, J. A. Fletcher, E. T. Hedley-Whyte, M. K. Selig, S. R. Johnson, and A. Klibanski A Human Pituitary Tumor-Derived Folliculostellate Cell Line J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1180 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Nishihara, Y. Nagayama, S. Inoue, H. Hiroi, M. Muramatsu, S. Yamashita, and T. Koji Ontogenetic Changes in the Expression of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and {beta} in Rat Pituitary Gland Detected by Immunohistochemistry Endocrinology, February 1, 2000; 141(2): 615 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tan, B. C. Paria, S. K. Dey, and S. K. Das Differential Uterine Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Correlates with Uterine Preparation for Implantation and Decidualization in the Mouse Endocrinology, November 1, 1999; 140(11): 5310 - 5321. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Pelletier, V. Luu-The, A. Charbonneau, and F. Labrie Cellular Localization of Estrogen Receptor Beta Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Cynomolgus Monkey Reproductive Organs Biol Reprod, November 1, 1999; 61(5): 1249 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Couse and K. S. Korach Estrogen Receptor Null Mice: What Have We Learned and Where Will They Lead Us? Endocr. Rev., June 1, 1999; 20(3): 358 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Mitchner, C. Garlick, R. W. Steinmetz, and N. Ben-Jonathan Differential Regulation and Action of Estrogen Receptors {alpha} and {beta} in GH3 Cells Endocrinology, June 1, 1999; 140(6): 2651 - 2658. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Pasqualini, D. Guivarc’h, Y. v. Boxberg, F. Nothias, J.-D. Vincent, and P. Vernier Stage- and Region-Specific Expression of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Isoforms during Ontogeny of the Pituitary Gland Endocrinology, June 1, 1999; 140(6): 2781 - 2789. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Schreihofer, E. M. Resnick, A. Y. Soh, and M. A. Shupnik Transcriptional Regulation by a Naturally Occurring Truncated Rat Estrogen Receptor (ER), Truncated ER Product-1 (TERP-1) Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 1999; 13(2): 320 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Routledge, R. White, M. G. Parker, and J. P. Sumpter Differential Effects of Xenoestrogens on Coactivator Recruitment by Estrogen Receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2000; 275(46): 35986 - 35993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Christian and J.F. Morris Rapid actions of 17{beta}-oestradiol on a subset of lactotrophs in the rat pituitary J. Physiol., January 18, 2002; (2002) 200101294. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
