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Department of Biology, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts (E.L.M.-B., A.E.J., S.-i.M., J.F.M.), Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati Medical School (M.N.L.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Eric L. Bittman, Ph.D., Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003. E-mail: elb{at}bio.umass.edu
Grafts of fetal tissue including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of
the hypothalamus restore locomotor rhythmicity to behaviorally
arrhythmic, SCN-lesioned Syrian hamsters. We sought to determine
whether such transplants also reinstate endocrine rhythms in
SCN-lesioned hamsters. In Exp 1, SCN lesions interrupted estrous cycles
in a 14 h light, 10 h dark photoperiod and locomotor rhythms
in constant dim red light (DD). SCN grafts that reinstated behavioral
circadian rhythms consistently failed to reestablish estrous cycles.
After ovariectomy, estradiol implants triggered LH surges at
approximately circadian time 8 in 10 of 12 brain-intact control
females and 0 of 9 SCN-lesioned, grafted females. Daily rhythms of the
principal urinary melatonin metabolite, 6
-sulfatoxymelatonin, were
not reestablished by behaviorally functional grafts. In Exp 2, SCN
lesions eliminated locomotor rhythmicity in adult male hamsters
maintained in DD. Seven to 12 weeks after restoration of locomotor
activity rhythms by fetal grafts, hosts and sham-lesioned controls were
decapitated at circadian times 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24. Clear
circadian rhythms of both serum corticosterone and cortisol were seen
in sham-lesioned males, with peaks in late subjective day. No circadian
rhythms in either adrenal hormone were evident in serum from
lesioned-grafted males. Testicular regression, observed in intact and
sham-lesioned males maintained in DD, was absent not only in arrhythmic
SCN-lesioned hamsters given grafts of cerebral cortex, but also in
animals in which hypothalamic grafts had reinstated locomotor
rhythmicity. The pineal melatonin concentration rose sharply during the
late subjective night in control hamsters, but not in SCN-lesioned
animals bearing behaviorally effective transplants.
Even though circadian rhythms of locomotor activity are restored by SCN transplants, circadian endocrine rhythms are not reestablished. Endocrine rhythms may require qualitatively different or more extensive SCN outputs than those established by fetal grafts.
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