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and ß Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Adult Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons1
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Allan E. Herbison Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom.
The behavior of the gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) neurons
controlling fertility is dependent upon cyclic fluctuations in
circulating concentrations of estrogen. However, the nature of estrogen
action upon these cells has remained controversial due to their
dispersed distribution within the brain, and evidence indicating that
they do not express nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) in
vivo. We report here an acute brain slice preparation that
enables individual living GnRH neurons to be identified within the
mouse brain and show, using single cell multiplex RT-PCR, that the
greater than 50% of GnRH neurons in adult and prepubertal females
contain ER
messenger RNA. Approximately 10% of GnRH neurons
contained ERß transcripts that were always coexistent with ER.
Single cell RT-PCR analysis of nonGnRH cells located in the medial
preoptic area revealed a similar coexpression pattern of ER and
ERß transcripts. In contrast, single striatal cells were not found to
contain ERß despite ER being present in approximately 25% of
cells. The analysis of single GnRH neurons in cycling female mice
revealed that the detection of ER and ERß transcripts was lowest
on proestrus (ER, 18% of all GnRH neurons; ERß, 0%) compared
with diestrus (44% and 6%) and estrus (75% and 19%, respectively).
Using a novel approach that enables single cell RT-PCR analysis of GnRH
neurons, we present here evidence for the cyclic expression of ER
and ERß messenger RNAs within prepubertal and adult female GnRH
neurons.
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T. R. Pak, G. R. Lynch, and P.-S. Tsai Testosterone and Estrogen Act via Different Pathways to Inhibit Puberty in the Male Siberian Hamster (Phodopus sungorus) Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3309 - 3316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. McGarvey, P. S. Cates, A. N. Brooks, I. A. Swanson, S. R. Milligan, C. W. Coen, and K. T. O'Byrne Phytoestrogens and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator Activity and Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Rat Endocrinology, March 1, 2001; 142(3): 1202 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. C. Skinner, A. Caraty, and R. Allingham Unmasking the Progesterone Receptor in the Preoptic Area and Hypothalamus of the Ewe: No Colocalization with Gonadotropin-Releasing Neurons Endocrinology, February 1, 2001; 142(2): 573 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. L. Jackson, S. G. Wood, and D. E. Kuehl A {gamma}-Aminobutyric AcidB Agonist Reverses the Negative Feedback Effect of Testosterone on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Male Sheep Endocrinology, November 1, 2000; 141(11): 3940 - 3945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. J. Hayes, S. B. Seminara, S. DeCruz, P. A. Boepple, and W. F. Crowley Jr. Aromatase Inhibition in the Human Male Reveals a Hypothalamic Site of Estrogen Feedback J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2000; 85(9): 3027 - 3035. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Xu, J. H. Urban, J. W. Hill, and J. E. Levine Regulation of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptor Gene Expression during the Estrous Cycle: Role of Progesterone Receptors Endocrinology, September 1, 2000; 141(9): 3319 - 3327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J. Scott, A. J. Tilbrook, D. M. Simmons, J. A. Rawson, S. Chu, P. J. Fuller, N. H. Ing, and I. J. Clarke The Distribution of Cells Containing Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} (ER{alpha}) and ER{beta} Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Preoptic Area and Hypothalamus of the Sheep: Comparison of Males and Females Endocrinology, August 1, 2000; 141(8): 2951 - 2962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Maggi, F. Pimpinelli, L. Molteni, M. Milani, L. Martini, and F. Piva Immortalized Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons Show a Different Migratory Activity in Vitro Endocrinology, June 1, 2000; 141(6): 2105 - 2112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. E. Chappell, J. Lee, and J. E. Levine Stimulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Surges by Estrogen. II. Role of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Endocrinology, April 1, 2000; 141(4): 1486 - 1492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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