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Institute of Biomedicine (T.J.A., P.L.H., M.T.N.), Department of Anatomy and the Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland; Departments of Pathology (J.L., P.M.M.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland and Tampere University Hospital, FIN-33521, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Pathology (T.J.A., H.R., M.T.N.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Marja T. Nevalainen, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
PRL is one of several polypeptide factors that regulate growth and differentiation of prostate epithelium besides steroid hormones. This hormone may also participate in the development of pathologic changes of the prostate, as evidenced by marked prostate hyperplasia in hyperprolactinemic mice. We have previously demonstrated expression of PRL receptors and androgen-dependent local production of PRL in rat and human prostate epithelium, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop. We now show that PRL acts as a survival factor for epithelial cells of rat dorsal and lateral prostate but not ventral prostate, using long-term organ cultures as an in vitro model. Culture of prostate explants in androgen-free medium was associated with a transient surge of apoptosis during the first 2–4 days of culture in rat ventral, dorsal, and lateral prostate tissues, as quantified by either nuclear morphology or in situ DNA fragmentation analysis. PRL significantly inhibited apoptosis in androgen-deprived dorsal and lateral prostate cultures, by 40–60%, as determined by the two methods. The present study has established conditions and methodology for analysis of apoptosis in organ cultures of rat prostate and suggests a physiological role for PRL as a survival factor for prostate epithelium.
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