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Endocrinology Vol. 140, No. 12 5469-5477
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Characterization of the Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Member Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and the Stimulation of Its Message by Gonadotropins in the Rat Ovary1

Chandra P. Leo2, Sheau Yu Hsu, Sang-Young Chun, Hyun-Wook Bae and Aaron J. W. Hsueh

Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University Medical Center (C.P.L., S.Y.H., A.J.W.H.), Stanford, California 94305-5317; and the Hormone Research Center, Chonnam National University (S.Y.C., H.W.B.), Kwangju 500–757, Republic of Korea

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Aaron J. W. Hsueh, Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5317. E-mail: aaron.hsueh{at}stanford.edu

The majority of ovarian follicles undergo atresia mediated by apoptosis. Bcl-2-related proteins act as regulators of apoptosis via the formation of dimers with proteins inside and outside the Bcl-2 family. Previous studies have identified BAD as a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member expressed in the ovary. It is known that BAD phosphorylation induced by survival factors leads to its preferential binding to 14–3-3 and suppression of the death-inducing function of BAD. To identify ovarian binding partners for hypophosphorylated BAD, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening of a rat ovary complementary DNA library using as bait a mutant BAD incapable of binding to 14–3-3. Screening of yeast transformants yielded positive clones encoding the rat ortholog of Mcl-1 (myeloid cell leukemia-1), an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that rat and human Mcl-1 showed a complete conservation of the Bcl-2 homology domains BH1, BH2, and BH3. In the yeast two-hybrid system, Mcl-1 binds to the hypophosphorylated mutant of BAD and interacts preferentially with different proapoptotic (Bax, Bak, Bok, Bik, and BOD) compared with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Bfl-1, CED-9, and BHRF-1). Northern blot hybridization demonstrated expression of Mcl-1 transcripts of 2.3 and 3.7 kb in the ovary and diverse other rat tissues. In immature rats, PMSG treatment led to a transient increase in the 2.3-kb Mcl-1 transcript, peaking at 6 h after injection and returning to baseline levels after 24 h. Moreover, the same transcript was induced in the PMSG-primed preovulatory rat ovary 6 h after the administration of ovulatory doses of either hCG or FSH. In situ hybridization studies revealed that the gonadotropin stimulation of ovarian Mcl-1 message occurs in both granulosa and thecal cells. In conclusion, rat Mcl-1 was identified as an ovarian BAD-interacting protein and the message for the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein was induced after treatment with gonadotropins in granulosa and thecal cells of growing follicles.




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