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Postnatal Growth Responses to Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Insulin Receptor Substrate-1-Deficient Mice¹

Departments of Physiology (G.P., D.R.S., P.K.L.) and Pediatrics (C.R.F., A.J.D., P.K.L.), University of North Carolina, Chapel, North Carolina 27599-7545; AgResearch, Ruakura Research Center (J.M.O.), Hamilton, New Zealand Private Bag 3213; and the Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (C.R.K.), Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Pauline Kay Lund, Ph.D., Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, CB# 7545, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7545. E-mail empk{at}med.unc.edu

Organ weight was compared in adult mice with deletion of one (IRS-1^-/+) or both (IRS-1^-/-) copies of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and IRS-1^+/+ littermates. IRS-1^-/+ mice showed modest reductions in weight of most organs in proportion to a decrease in body weight. IRS-1^-/- mice showed major reductions in weight of heart, liver, and spleen that were directly proportional to a decrease in body weight. In IRS-1^-/- mice, kidney and particularly small intestine and brain exhibited proportionately smaller weight reductions, and gastrocnemius muscle showed a proportionately greater weight reduction than the decrease in body weight. Growth deficits in IRS-1^-/- mice could reflect impaired actions of multiple hormones or cytokines that activate IRS-1. To assess the requirement for IRS-1 in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-dependent postnatal growth, IRS-1^-/+ mice were cross-bred with mice that widely overexpress a human IGF-I transgene (IGF+) to generate IGF+ and wild-type mice on an IRS-1^+/+, IRS-1^-/+, and IRS-1^-/- background. IGF-I overexpression increased body weight and weight of brain, small intestine, kidney, spleen, heart, and gastrocnemius muscle in IRS-1^+/+ mice. IGF-I overexpression could not completely reverse the body growth retardation in IRS-1^-/- mice. Absolute or partial IRS-1 deficiency impaired IGF-I-induced body overgrowth more in females than in males. In males and females, IGF-I stimulated similar overgrowth of brain regardless of IRS-1 status, and intestine and spleen showed dose dependence on IRS-1 for IGF-I-induced growth. IGF-I-induced growth of gastrocnemius muscle had an absolute requirement for IRS-1. IGF-I-induced growth of kidney and heart was impaired by IRS-1 deficiency only in females. In vivo, therefore, most organs do not require IRS-1 for IGF-I-induced growth and can use alternate signaling molecules to mediate IGF-I action. Other organs, such as gastrocnemius muscle, require IRS-1 for IGF-I-induced growth in vivo.

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