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Endocrinology Vol. 140, No. 12 5789-5796
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Control of Primordial Follicle Recruitment by Anti-Müllerian Hormone in the Mouse Ovary1

Alexandra L. L. Durlinger, Piet Kramer, Bas Karels, Frank H. de Jong, Jan Th. J. Uilenbroek, J. Anton Grootegoed and Axel P. N. Themmen

Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. A. L. L. Durlinger, Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: durlinger{at}endov.fgg.eur.nl

The dimeric glycoprotein anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-ß superfamily of growth and differentiation factors. During male fetal sex differentiation, AMH is produced by Sertoli cells and induces degeneration of the Müllerian ducts, which form the anlagen of part of the internal female genital system. In females, AMH is produced by the ovary, but only postnatally. The function of AMH in the ovary is, however, still unknown. Female AMH null mice were reported to be fertile, with normal litter size, but this does not exclude a more subtle function for ovarian AMH.

To investigate the function of AMH in the ovary, the complete follicle population was determined in AMH null mice, in mice heterozygous for the AMH null mutation, and in wild-type mice of different ages: 25 days, 4 months, and 13 months. In the present study we found that ovaries of 25-day- and 4-month-old AMH null females, compared to those of wild-type females, contain more preantral and small antral follicles. In addition, in 4- and 13-month-old AMH null females, smaller numbers of primordial follicles were found. Actually, in 13-month-old AMH null females, almost no primordial follicles could be detected, coinciding with a reduced number of preantral and small antral follicles in these females. In almost all females heterozygous for the AMH null mutation the number of follicles fell in between the numbers found in wild-type and AMH null females. In 4-month-old AMH null females serum inhibin levels were higher and FSH levels were lower compared to those in wild-type females. In contrast, inhibin levels were lower in 13-month-old AMH null females, and FSH levels were unchanged compared to those in wild-type females. Furthermore, the weight of the ovaries was twice as high in the 4-month-old AMH null females as in age-matched wild-type females.

We conclude that AMH plays an important role in primordial follicle recruitment, such that more primordial follicles are recruited in AMH null mice than in wild-type mice; the mice heterozygous for the AMH null mutation take an in-between position. Consequently, the ovaries of AMH null females and those of females heterozygous for the AMH null mutation will show a relatively early depletion of their stock of primordial follicles. The female AMH null mouse may thus provide a useful model to study regulation of primordial follicle recruitment and the relation between follicular dynamics and ovarian aging.




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