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Endocrinology Vol. 140, No. 2 814-817
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Is Inhibited by Leptin and Stimulated by Fasting1

Tooru M. Mizuno and Charles V. Mobbs

Fishberg Center for Neurobiology, Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Charles V. Mobbs, Ph.D., Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Box 1639, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029. E-mail: mobbsc{at}alum.mit.edu

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a homologue of the agouti gene product and, when overexpressed, promotes obesity. Like neuropeptide Y (NPY) messenger RNA (mRNA), AGRP mRNA is produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is elevated in leptin-deficient ob/ob and leptin-resistant db/db mice. These data suggest that AGRP mRNA might be affected by leptin and nutritional status in parallel with NPY mRNA. To test this hypothesis, we examined if AGRP mRNA would be, like NPY mRNA, inhibited by leptin injections and stimulated by fasting. AGRP mRNA was elevated in ob/ob mice about 5-fold compared with wild-type controls and was significantly inhibited by leptin treatment, as assessed by Northern blot analysis. In wild-type mice, AGRP mRNA was increased at least 13-fold by a 2-day fast, as assessed both by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. In ad lib fed db/db mice, AGRP mRNA was elevated about 8-fold compared with ad lib fed wild-type controls, and was further increased by fasting in db/db mice. These data suggest that AGRP mRNA and NPY mRNA respond similarly to leptin and fasting.




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M. Ziotopoulou, C. S. Mantzoros, S. M. Hileman, and J. S. Flier
Differential expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides in the early phase of diet-induced obesity in mice
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2000; 279(4): E838 - E845.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. E. McMinn, C. W. Wilkinson, P. J. Havel, S. C. Woods, and M. W. Schwartz
Effect of intracerebroventricular alpha -MSH on food intake, adiposity, c-Fos induction, and neuropeptide expression
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): R695 - R703.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Mihály, C. Fekete, J. B. Tatro, Z. Liposits, E. G. Stopa, and R. M. Lechan
Hypophysiotropic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Synthesizing Neurons in the Human Hypothalamus Are Innervated by Neuropeptide Y, Agouti-Related Protein, and {alpha}-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2000; 85(7): 2596 - 2603.
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J. Korner, S. L. Wardlaw, S.-M. Liu, I. M. Conwell, R. L. Leibel, and S. C. Chua Jr.
Effects of Leptin Receptor Mutation on Agrp Gene Expression in Fed and Fasted Lean and Obese (LA/N-faf) Rats
Endocrinology, July 1, 2000; 141(7): 2465 - 2471.
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M. M. Hagan, P. A. Rushing, L. M. Pritchard, M. W. Schwartz, A. M. Strack, L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, S. C. Woods, and R. J. Seeley
Long-term orexigenic effects of AgRP-(83---132) involve mechanisms other than melanocortin receptor blockade
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): R47 - R52.
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J.-Y. Li, S. Finniss, Y.-K. Yang, Q. Zeng, S.-Y. Qu, G. Barsh, C. Dickinson, and I. Gantz
Agouti-Related Protein-Like Immunoreactivity: Characterization of Release from Hypothalamic Tissue and Presence in Serum
Endocrinology, June 1, 2000; 141(6): 1942 - 1950.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. Fekete, G. Legradi, E. Mihaly, Q.-H. Huang, J. B. Tatro, W. M. Rand, C. H. Emerson, and R. M. Lechan
alpha -Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Is Contained in Nerve Terminals Innervating Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Synthesizing Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Prevents Fasting-Induced Suppression of Prothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression
J. Neurosci., February 15, 2000; 20(4): 1550 - 1558.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 QJMHome page
G.S.H. Yeo, I.S. Farooqi, B.G. Challis, R.S. Jackson, and S. O'Rahilly
The role of melanocortin signalling in the control of body weight: evidence from human and murine genetic models
QJM, January 1, 2000; 93(1): 7 - 14.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. G. Mercer, K. M. Moar, A. W. Ross, N. Hoggard, and P. J. Morgan
Photoperiod regulates arcuate nucleus POMC, AGRP, and leptin receptor mRNA in Siberian hamster hypothalamus
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): R271 - R281.
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T. M. Mizuno, H. Makimura, J. Silverstein, J. L. Roberts, T. Lopingco, and C. V. Mobbs
Fasting Regulates Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y, Agouti-Related Peptide, and Proopiomelanocortin in Diabetic Mice Independent of Changes in Leptin or Insulin
Endocrinology, October 1, 1999; 140(10): 4551 - 4557.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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G. Légrádi and R. M. Lechan
Agouti-Related Protein Containing Nerve Terminals Innervate Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
Endocrinology, August 1, 1999; 140(8): 3643 - 3652.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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D. Bagnol, X.-Y. Lu, C. B. Kaelin, H. E. W. Day, M. Ollmann, I. Gantz, H. Akil, G. S. Barsh, and S. J. Watson
Anatomy of an Endogenous Antagonist: Relationship between Agouti-Related Protein and Proopiomelanocortin in Brain
J. Neurosci., September 15, 1999; 19(18): RC26 - RC26.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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