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*Compound via MeSH
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*TRANS-RETINOIC ACID
Endocrinology Vol. 140, No. 6 2898-2907
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Vitamin D Represses Retinoic Acid-Dependent Transactivation of the Retinoic Acid Receptor-ß2 Promoter: The AF-2 Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor Is Required for Transrepression1

Ana M. Jiménez-Lara and Ana Aranda

Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Ana Aranda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: aaranda{at}iib.uam.es

Retinoic acid (RA)-dependent activation of the RA receptor ß2 (RARß2) gene in embryonal carcinoma cells is mediated by binding of retinoid receptor heterodimers (RAR/RXR) to a RA response element (RARE) located closely to the TATA box. We have analyzed the effect of vitamin D on the response of the RARß2 promoter to RA in pituitary GH4C1 cells that coexpress receptors for retinoids and vitamin D. Incubation with vitamin D markedly reduced the response to RA caused by transcriptional interference of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the RARE. This DNA element binds VDR/RXR heterodimers with high affinity, and these inactive heterodimers can displace active RAR/RXR from the RARE. Overexpression of RXR in GH4C1 cells, as well as incubation with BMS649 (a RXR-specific ligand), increased the inhibitory effect of vitamin D, suggesting that the VDR/RXR heterodimer is the repressive species and that titration of RXR is not responsible for this inhibition. Although DNA binding could be required for full potency of the inhibitory activity of VDR, it is not absolutely required because a truncated receptor (VDR {Delta}1–111), lacking the DNA binding domain, also displays repressor activity. Furthermore, the ability to mediate transrepression by vitamin D was strongly decreased when a mutant VDR in which the last 12 C-terminal aminoacids have been deleted (VDR {Delta}AF-2) was used. Because this region contains the domain responsible for ligand-dependent recruitment of coactivators, titration of common coactivators for VDR and RAR could be involved in the inhibitory effect of vitamin D. In agreement with this hypothesis, overexpression of E1A, which can act as a RARß2 promoter-specific coactivator, significantly reversed repression by vitamin D.




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