help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrinology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bujalska, I. J.
Right arrow Articles by Stewart, P. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bujalska, I. J.
Right arrow Articles by Stewart, P. M.
Endocrinology Vol. 140, No. 7 3188-3196
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Differentiation of Adipose Stromal Cells: The Roles of Glucocorticoids and 11ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase1

Iwona J. Bujalska, Sudhesh Kumar, Martin Hewison and Paul M. Stewart2

Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom B15 2TH

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Prof. Paul M. Stewart, Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom B15 2TH. E-mail: p.m.stewart{at}bham.ac.uk

Glucocorticoids play an important role in determining adipose tissue distribution and function, with glucocorticoid excess states such as Cushing’s syndrome resulting in central obesity. We have investigated the functional significance of local generation of cortisol within adipose tissue from inactive cortisone through the activity of the NADP(H)-dependent enzyme, 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ßHSD1).

In primary cultures of paired omental (om) and sc human adipose stromal cells (ASC; n = 34), 11ßHSD1 oxo-reductase activity was significantly higher in om ASC (median, 40.2 pmol/mg protein·h; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–105) compared with sc ASC (median, 11.4; 95% confidence interval, 0–48.1; P < 0.001) despite similar endogenous NADPH/NADP concentrations. Both cortisol and insulin increased the differentiation of ASC to adipocytes (as assessed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression), but only cortisol increased 11ßHSD1 activity and messenger RNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Cortisone (500 nM) was as effective as 500 nM cortisol in inducing ASC differentiation, but this stimulatory effect was inhibited by coincubation with the 11ßHSD1 inhibitor, glycyrrhetinic acid.

The higher local conversion of cortisone to active cortisol through expression of 11ßHSD1 in om compared with sc ASC may explain the specific action of glucocorticoids on different adipose tissue depots. 11ßHSD1 expression in om ASC is regulated at a transcriptional level and is increased by glucocorticoids, but is not entirely dependent upon ASC differentiation. Inhibition of 11ßHSD1 within om ASC inhibits cortisone-induced ASC differentiation. These findings indicate that local metabolism of glucocorticoid may control differentiation of adipose tissue in a site-specific fashion. Specific inhibitors of 11ßHSD1 may offer a novel approach for the treatment of patients with central obesity.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Brolinson, S. Fourcade, A. Jakobsson, A. Pujol, and A. Jacobsson
Steroid Hormones Control Circadian Elovl3 Expression in Mouse Liver
Endocrinology, June 1, 2008; 149(6): 3158 - 3166.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
I J Bujalska, L L Gathercole, J W Tomlinson, C Darimont, J Ermolieff, A N Fanjul, P A Rejto, and P M Stewart
A novel selective 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor prevents human adipogenesis
J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2008; 197(2): 297 - 307.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
I. J. Bujalska, K. N. Hewitt, D. Hauton, G. G. Lavery, J. W. Tomlinson, E. A. Walker, and P. M. Stewart
Lack of Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Impairs Lipid Mobilization from Mouse Adipose Tissue
Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2584 - 2591.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
U Plockinger and T Reuter
Pegvisomant increases intra-abdominal fat in patients with acromegaly: a pilot study.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 158(4): 467 - 471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
R. A. De Sousa Peixoto, S. Turban, J. H. Battle, K. E. Chapman, J. R. Seckl, and N. M. Morton
Preadipocyte 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Is a Keto-Reductase and Contributes to Diet-Induced Visceral Obesity in Vivo
Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 1861 - 1868.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. G. Lavery, D. Hauton, K. N. Hewitt, S. M. Brice, M. Sherlock, E. A. Walker, and P. M. Stewart
Hypoglycemia with Enhanced Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in Recombinant Mice Lacking Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Endocrinology, December 1, 2007; 148(12): 6100 - 6106.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Roberge, A. C. Carpentier, M.-F. Langlois, J.-P. Baillargeon, J.-L. Ardilouze, P. Maheux, and N. Gallo-Payet
Adrenocortical dysregulation as a major player in insulin resistance and onset of obesity
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2007; 293(6): E1465 - E1478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. L. Gathercole, I. J. Bujalska, P. M. Stewart, and J. W. Tomlinson
Glucocorticoid Modulation of Insulin Signaling in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2007; 92(11): 4332 - 4339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
Z. Michailidou, A. P Coll, C. J Kenyon, N. M Morton, S. O'Rahilly, J. R Seckl, and K. E Chapman
Peripheral mechanisms contributing to the glucocorticoid hypersensitivity in proopiomelanocortin null mice treated with corticosterone
J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2007; 194(1): 161 - 170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Berthiaume, M. Laplante, W. Festuccia, Y. Gelinas, S. Poulin, J. Lalonde, D. R. Joanisse, R. Thieringer, and Y. Deshaies
Depot-Specific Modulation of Rat Intraabdominal Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism by Pharmacological Inhibition of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2391 - 2397.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Kim, K. A. Temple, S. A. Jones, K. N. Meredith, J. L. Basko, and M. J. Brady
Differential Modulation of 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis Mediated by 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1 Levels
J. Biol. Chem., April 13, 2007; 282(15): 11038 - 11046.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. W. Tomlinson, M. Sherlock, B. Hughes, S. V. Hughes, F. Kilvington, W. Bartlett, R. Courtney, P. Rejto, W. Carley, and P. M. Stewart
Inhibition of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Activity in Vivo Limits Glucocorticoid Exposure to Human Adipose Tissue and Decreases Lipolysis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2007; 92(3): 857 - 864.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
S. Kidambi, J. M. Kotchen, C. E. Grim, H. Raff, J. Mao, R. J. Singh, and T. A. Kotchen
Association of Adrenal Steroids With Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome in Blacks
Hypertension, March 1, 2007; 49(3): 704 - 711.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
I. J Bujalska, O. M Durrani, J. Abbott, C. U Onyimba, P. Khosla, A. H Moosavi, T. T Q Reuser, P. M Stewart, J. W Tomlinson, E. A Walker, et al.
Characterisation of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human orbital adipose tissue: a comparison with subcutaneous and omental fat
J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 192(2): 279 - 288.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
I J Bujalska, M Quinkler, J W Tomlinson, C T Montague, D M Smith, and P M Stewart
Expression profiling of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 and glucocorticoid-target genes in subcutaneous and omental human preadipocytes.
J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 37(2): 327 - 340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
B. Mariniello, V. Ronconi, S. Rilli, P. Bernante, M. Boscaro, F. Mantero, and G. Giacchetti
Adipose tissue 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in obesity and Cushing's syndrome
Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 155(3): 435 - 441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
K. Nagata, K. Obata, J. Xu, S. Ichihara, A. Noda, H. Kimata, T. Kato, H. Izawa, T. Murohara, and M. Yokota
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure in Low-Aldosterone Hypertensive Rats
Hypertension, April 1, 2006; 47(4): 656 - 664.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. L. McCormick, X. Wang, and G. J. Mick
Evidence That the 11 {beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11 {beta}-HSD1) Is Regulated by Pentose Pathway Flux: STUDIES IN RAT ADIPOCYTES AND MICROSOMES
J. Biol. Chem., January 6, 2006; 281(1): 341 - 347.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Jakobsson, J. A. Jorgensen, and A. Jacobsson
Differential regulation of fatty acid elongation enzymes in brown adipocytes implies a unique role for Elovl3 during increased fatty acid oxidation
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E517 - E526.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
N. Draper and P. M Stewart
11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the pre-receptor regulation of corticosteroid hormone action
J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2005; 186(2): 251 - 271.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
I. J Bujalska, N. Draper, Z. Michailidou, J. W Tomlinson, P. C White, K. E Chapman, E. A Walker, and P. M Stewart
Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase confers oxo-reductase activity upon 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1
J. Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 34(3): 675 - 684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. N. Hewitt, E. A. Walker, and P. M. Stewart
Minireview: Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Redox Control of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Activity
Endocrinology, June 1, 2005; 146(6): 2539 - 2543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. Eijken, M. Hewison, M. S. Cooper, F. H. de Jong, H. Chiba, P. M. Stewart, A. G. Uitterlinden, H. A. P. Pols, and J. P. T. M. van Leeuwen
11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Expression and Glucocorticoid Synthesis Are Directed by a Molecular Switch during Osteoblast Differentiation
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2005; 19(3): 621 - 631.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
Y. Liu, Y. Nakagawa, Y. Wang, R. Sakurai, P. V. Tripathi, K. Lutfy, and T. C. Friedman
Increased Glucocorticoid Receptor and 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression in Hepatocytes May Contribute to the Phenotype of Type 2 Diabetes in db/db Mice
Diabetes, January 1, 2005; 54(1): 32 - 40.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
M. Quinkler, B. Sinha, J. W Tomlinson, I. J Bujalska, P. M Stewart, and W. Arlt
Androgen generation in adipose tissue in women with simple obesity - a site-specific role for 17{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5
J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2004; 183(2): 331 - 342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cardiovasc ResHome page
J. P. Girod and D. J. Brotman
Does altered glucocorticoid homeostasis increase cardiovascular risk?
Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2004; 64(2): 217 - 226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
J. W. Tomlinson, E. A. Walker, I. J. Bujalska, N. Draper, G. G. Lavery, M. S. Cooper, M. Hewison, and P. M. Stewart
11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1: A Tissue-Specific Regulator of Glucocorticoid Response
Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2004; 25(5): 831 - 866.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Valsamakis, A. Anwar, J. W. Tomlinson, C. H. L. Shackleton, P. G. McTernan, R. Chetty, P. J. Wood, A. K. Banerjee, G. Holder, A. H. Barnett, et al.
11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Activity in Lean and Obese Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4755 - 4761.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. W. Tomlinson, J. S. Moore, P. M. S. Clark, G. Holder, L. Shakespeare, and P. M. Stewart
Weight Loss Increases 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression in Human Adipose Tissue
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2711 - 2716.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
N. M. Morton, J. M. Paterson, H. Masuzaki, M. C. Holmes, B. Staels, C. Fievet, B. R. Walker, J. S. Flier, J. J. Mullins, and J. R. Seckl
Novel Adipose Tissue-Mediated Resistance to Diet-Induced Visceral Obesity in 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1-Deficient Mice
Diabetes, April 1, 2004; 53(4): 931 - 938.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. Justesen, L. Mosekilde, M. Holmes, K. Stenderup, J. Gasser, J. J. Mullins, J. R. Seckl, and M. Kassem
Mice Deficient in 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Lack Bone Marrow Adipocytes, but Maintain Normal Bone Formation
Endocrinology, April 1, 2004; 145(4): 1916 - 1925.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Recent Prog Horm ResHome page
J. R. Seckl, N. M. Morton, K. E. Chapman, and B. R. Walker
Glucocorticoids and 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Adipose Tissue
Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2004; 59(1): 359 - 393.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. W. Tomlinson, N. Crabtree, P. M. S. Clark, G. Holder, A. A. Toogood, C. H. L. Shackleton, and P. M. Stewart
Low-Dose Growth Hormone Inhibits 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 but Has No Effect upon Fat Mass in Patients with Simple Obesity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2003; 88(5): 2113 - 2118.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
D. E. W. Livingstone and B. R. Walker
Is 11beta -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 a Therapeutic Target? Effects of Carbenoxolone in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2003; 305(1): 167 - 172.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. Shafqat, B. Elleby, S. Svensson, J. Shafqat, H. Jornvall, L. Abrahmsen, and U. Oppermann
Comparative Enzymology of 11beta -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 from Glucocorticoid Resistant (Guinea Pig) Versus Sensitive (Human) Species
J. Biol. Chem., January 10, 2003; 278(3): 2030 - 2035.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. C. Andrews, O. Rooyackers, and B. R. Walker
Effects of the 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Carbenoxolone on Insulin Sensitivity in Men with Type 2 Diabetes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 285 - 291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Friedberg, E. Zoumakis, N. Hiroi, T. Bader, G. P. Chrousos, and Z.'e. Hochberg
Modulation of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Mature Human Subcutaneous Adipocytes by Hypothalamic Messengers
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 385 - 393.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. W. Tomlinson, B. Sinha, I. Bujalska, M. Hewison, and P. M. Stewart
Expression of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Adipose Tissue Is Not Increased in Human Obesity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2002; 87(12): 5630 - 5635.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. Chen, A. Misra, and A. Garg
Lipodystrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 4845 - 4856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Draper, S. M. Echwald, G. G. Lavery, E. A. Walker, R. Fraser, E. Davies, T. I. A. Sorensen, A. Astrup, J. Adamski, M. Hewison, et al.
Association Studies between Microsatellite Markers within the Gene Encoding Human 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 and Body Mass Index, Waist to Hip Ratio, and Glucocorticoid Metabolism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 4984 - 4990.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
O. Paulmyer-Lacroix, S. Boullu, C. Oliver, M.-C. Alessi, and M. Grino
Expression of the mRNA Coding for 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Adipose Tissue from Obese Patients: An in Situ Hybridization Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2701 - 2705.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. J. Bujalska, E. A. Walker, M. Hewison, and P. M. Stewart
A Switch in Dehydrogenase to Reductase Activity of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 upon Differentiation of Human Omental Adipose Stromal Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1205 - 1210.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
E. H. RABBITT, G. G. LAVERY, E. A. WALKER, M. S. COOPER, P. M. STEWART, and M. HEWISON
Prereceptor regulation of glucocorticoid action by 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a novel determinant of cell proliferation
FASEB J, January 1, 2002; 16(1): 36 - 44.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. J. Trainer, W. M. Drake, L. A. Perry, N. F. Taylor, G. M. Besser, and J. P. Monson
Modulation of Cortisol Metabolism by the Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Pegvisomant in Patients with Acromegaly
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2001; 86(7): 2989 - 2992.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. Bertram, A. R. Trowern, N. Copin, A. A. Jackson, and C. B. Whorwood
The Maternal Diet during Pregnancy Programs Altered Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Type 2 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Potential Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Programming of Hypertension in Utero
Endocrinology, July 1, 2001; 142(7): 2841 - 2853.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. B. Whorwood, S. J. Donovan, P. J. Wood, and D. I. W. Phillips
Regulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor {{alpha}} and {beta} Isoforms and Type I 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells: A Key Role in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance?
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2001; 86(5): 2296 - 2308.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. W. Tomlinson, J. Moore, M. S. Cooper, I. Bujalska, M. Shahmanesh, C. Burt, A. Strain, M. Hewison, and P. M. Stewart
Regulation of Expression of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Adipose Tissue: Tissue-Specific Induction by Cytokines
Endocrinology, May 1, 2001; 142(5): 1982 - 1989.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. S. Moore, J. P. Monson, G. Kaltsas, P. Putignano, P. J. Wood, M. C. Sheppard, G. M. Besser, N. F. Taylor, and P. M. Stewart
Modulation of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Isozymes by Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1999; 84(11): 4172 - 4177.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. A. Walker, A. M. Clark, M. Hewison, J. P. Ride, and P. M. Stewart
Functional Expression, Characterization, and Purification of the Catalytic Domain of Human 11-beta -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
J. Biol. Chem., June 8, 2001; 276(24): 21343 - 21350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society