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Endocrinology Vol. 141, No. 10 3814-3820
Copyright © 2000 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

In Vivo Treatment with GDF-9 Stimulates Primordial and Primary Follicle Progression and Theca Cell Marker CYP17 in Ovaries of Immature Rats1

Ursula A. Vitt, Elizabeth A. McGee, Masaru Hayashi and Aaron J. W. Hsueh

Division of Reproductive Biology (U.A.V., M.H., A.J.W.H.), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317; and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology (E.A.M.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0084

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Aaron J. W. Hsueh, Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317. E-mail: aaron.hsueh{at}stanford.edu

Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 is a cystine knot-containing hormone of the transforming growth factor-ß superfamily produced by the oocyte. In GDF-9 null mice, follicle development is arrested at the primary stage and GDF-9 treatment in vitro enhances preantral follicle growth. Immature female rats were treated with recombinant GDF-9 for 7 or 10 days. At 10 days, treatment with GDF-9 augmented ovarian weights, concomitant with an increase in the number of primary and small preantral follicles by 30 and 60%, respectively. Furthermore, the number of primordial follicles was decreased by 29%, but the number of large preantral follicles was not affected. In contrast, treatment with FSH increased the number of small and large preantral follicles by 36 and 177% but did not influence the number of primary and primordial follicles. Immunoblot analysis showed an increase of CYP17, a theca cell marker, in the ovarian homogenate after treatment with GDF-9 but not FSH. The present results indicate that in vivo treatment with GDF-9 enhances the progression of primordial and primary follicles into small preantral follicles. Thus, GDF-9 treatment could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development in addition to the widely used FSH that acts mainly on the development of more advanced follicles.




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