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Departments of Pediatrics (J.R., N.Br., B.C.P.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.-g.M., S.K.De.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.K.Da.), Ralph L. Smith Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7338; and INSERM U344 Molecular Endocrinology (N.Bi., P.A.K.), Paris, France
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jeff Reese, Department of Pediatrics, 3043 Wescoe Building, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7338. E-mail: jreese{at}kumc.edu
PRL and its homologs accomplish their biological effects through
the PRL receptor (PRLR). We evaluated the expression and function of
PRLR in the embryo and uterus during the periimplantation period
because PRLR deficiency results in implantation failure. In wild-type
mice, PRLR expression was localized to undecidualized stromal cells in
the antimesometrial border on days 68 of pregnancy. A small
population of PRLR-expressing cells was observed adjacent to the
ectoplacental cone in the mesometrial stroma. Low levels of PRLR
expression were also detected in the developing embryo on days 68. To
determine the significance of PRLR expression in this distribution, we
examined implantation and decidualization in PRLR-/-
mice. Progesterone (P4) administration rescued infertility
in PRLR-/- mice from the periimplantation period to
midgestation. Artificially induced decidualization was absent in
pseudopregnant PRLR-/- mice but was identical to
wild-type in P4-treated PRLR-/- mice.
Furthermore, wild-type and P4-treated PRLR-/-
mice had similar expression of the implantation-specific genes, LIF,
amphiregulin, HB-EGF, COX-1, COX-2, PPAR
, Hoxa-10, cyclin-D3, VEGF,
and its receptors, Flk-1 and neuropilin-1. Together, these results show
that luteal P4 production via ovarian PRLR signaling is
required for implantation and early pregnancy. The function of uterine
PRLR remains unclear. However, the eventual loss of pregnancy in
P4-treated PRLR-/- mice suggests that uterine
PRLR may be essential for the support of late gestation.
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