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Institut de Biologie Animale, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Beatrice Desvergne or Dr. Walter Wahli, Institut de Biologie Animale, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: beatrice.desvergne@iba.unil.ch or walter.wahli{at}iba.unil.ch
PPARs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and
are primarily involved in lipid metabolism. The expression patterns of
all 3 PPAR isotypes in 22 adult rat organs were analyzed by a
quantitative ribonuclease protection assay. The data obtained allowed
comparison of the expression of each isotype to the others and provided
new insight into the less studied PPARß (NR1C2) expression and
function. This isotype shows a ubiquitous expression pattern and is the
most abundant of the three PPARs in all analyzed tissues except adipose
tissue. Its expression is especially high in the digestive tract, in
addition to kidney, heart, diaphragm, and esophagus. After an overnight
fast, PPARß mRNA levels are dramatically down-regulated in liver and
kidney by up to 80% and are rapidly restored to control levels upon
refeeding. This tight nutritional regulation is independent of the
circulating glucocorticoid levels and the presence of PPAR
, whose
activity is markedly up-regulated in the liver and small intestine
during fasting. Finally, PPAR
2 mRNA levels are decreased by 50%
during fasting in both white and brown adipose tissue. In conclusion,
fasting can strongly influence PPAR expression, but in only a few
selected tissues.
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 L. L. Spriet, R. J. Tunstall, M. J. Watt, K. A. Mehan, M. Hargreaves, and D. Cameron-Smith Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation and kinase expression in human skeletal muscle during fasting J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2004; 96(6): 2082 - 2087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. J. Kim, T. E. Akiyama, F. S. Harman, A. M. Burns, W. Shan, J. M. Ward, M. J. Kennett, F. J. Gonzalez, and J. M. Peters Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor {beta} ({delta})-dependent Regulation of Ubiquitin C Expression Contributes to Attenuation of Skin Carcinogenesis J. Biol. Chem., May 28, 2004; 279(22): 23719 - 23727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Yadetie, A. Laegreid, I. Bakke, W. Kusnierczyk, J. Komorowski, H. L. Waldum, and A. K. Sandvik Liver gene expression in rats in response to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{alpha} agonist ciprofibrate Physiol Genomics, September 29, 2003; 15(1): 9 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. C. Sugden and M. J. Holness Recent advances in mechanisms regulating glucose oxidation at the level of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by PDKs Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2003; 284(5): E855 - E862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. J. Gilde, K. A.J.M. van der Lee, P. H.M. Willemsen, G. Chinetti, F. R. van der Leij, G. J. van der Vusse, B. Staels, and M. van Bilsen Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) {alpha} and PPAR{beta}/{delta}, but not PPAR{gamma}, Modulate the Expression of Genes Involved in Cardiac Lipid Metabolism Circ. Res., March 21, 2003; 92(5): 518 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Jalouli, L. Carlsson, C. Ameen, D. Linden, A. Ljungberg, L. Michalik, S. Eden, W. Wahli, and J. Oscarsson Sex Difference in Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {alpha} Expression: Influence of Pituitary and Gonadal Hormones Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 101 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. M. Muoio, P. S. MacLean, D. B. Lang, S. Li, J. A. Houmard, J. M. Way, D. A. Winegar, J. C. Corton, G. L. Dohm, and W. E. Kraus Fatty Acid Homeostasis and Induction of Lipid Regulatory Genes in Skeletal Muscles of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) alpha Knock-out Mice. EVIDENCE FOR COMPENSATORY REGULATION BY PPARdelta J. Biol. Chem., July 12, 2002; 277(29): 26089 - 26097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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