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Endocrinology Vol. 142, No. 2 788-794
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Ghrelin, A Novel Placental-Derived Hormone1

Oreste Gualillo2, J. Eduardo Caminos3, Montserrat Blanco4, Tomas Garcìa-Caballero, Masayasu Kojima, Kenji Kangawa, Carlos Dieguez and Felipe F. Casanueva

Department of Medicine (O.G., F.F.C.), Molecular Endocrinology Section and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago; Department of Physiology (J.E.C., C.D.) and Department of Morphological Sciences (M.B., T.G.-C.), University of Santiago de Compostela, School of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Department of Biochemistry (M.K., K.K.), National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Felipe F. Casanueva, Department of Medicine Molecular Endocrinology Division, University of Santiago de Compostela School of Medicine, S. Francisco S.N., 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. E-mail: melage{at}usc.es

Ghrelin, a GH-releasing acylated peptide, has been recently identified from the rat stomach. The purified peptide consists of 28 amino acids in which the serine 3 residue is n-octanoylated. Here we show that ghrelin messenger RNA and ghrelin peptide are present in the human as well as in rat placentae. In human placenta, ghrelin was detected by PCR at both first trimester and after delivery. While ghrelin was not detected by immunohistochemistry in human placenta at term, it was easily identified by immunohistochemistry at first trimester being mainly expressed in cytotrophoblast cells and scarcely in syncytiotrophoblast ones. Ghrelin was also identified in a human choriocarcinoma cell line, the BeWo cells. Ghrelin was found, by immunohistochemistry, in the cytoplasm of labyrinth trophoblast of rat placenta, whereas other placental cell types seems to be negative for ghrelin immunostaining. Moreover, placental ghrelin messenger RNA, in pregnant rats, showed a characteristic profile of expression being practically undetectable during early pregnancy, with a sharp peak of expression at day 16 and decreasing in the latest stages of gestation. In conclusion, ghrelin has been detected in human and rat placenta showing a pregnancy-related time course of expression. Whether placenta-derived ghrelin is involved in the modulation of GH release, or placental cell growth and differentiation remains to be established.




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