This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Cunningham, M. J. Articles by Steiner, R. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Cunningham, M. J. Articles by Steiner, R. A.

Cloning and Distribution of Galanin-Like Peptide mRNA in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary of the Macaque

Graduate Program in Neurobiology & Behavior (M.J.C.), Undergraduate Program in Neurobiology (J.M.S.), Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (R.A.S.), Department of Physiology & Biophysics (R.A.S.), Department of Zoology (R.A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Robert A. Steiner, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Box 357290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290. E-mail: . steiner{at}u.washington.edu

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a newly discovered hypothalamic neuropeptide, which is regulated by leptin and implicated in the regulation of GnRH secretion in the rodent. We searched the human genome database and determined that the human GALP gene comprises six exons, as has been shown for human galanin. We used rapid amplification of cDNA ends to clone a full-length cDNA (802 bp) of the macaque homologue of GALP and found it to be highly conserved between human and macaque at both the nucleotide (93%) and peptide (94%) levels. Mature GALP is predicted to be 60 amino acids in the macaque as in other species, and the region of GALP (9–21) that shows homology to the N-terminal 13 amino acids of galanin is perfectly conserved. We mapped the distribution of GALP mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary of the macaque by in situ hybridization and observed that, as in rodent species, the expression of GALP mRNA is confined to the arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and neurohypophysis. Using double-label in situ hybridization, we found that nearly all (98%) GALP mRNA-expressing cells in the arcuate nucleus also express mRNA for the long form of the leptin receptor. These findings suggest that a leptin-GALP signaling pathway exists in a primate species.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. M. Whitelaw, J. E. Robinson, G. B. Chambers, P. Hastie, V. Padmanabhan, R. C. Thompson, and N. P. Evans Expression of mRNA for galanin, galanin-like peptide and galanin receptors 1-3 in the ovine hypothalamus and pituitary gland: effects of age and gender Reproduction, January 1, 2009; 137(1): 141 - 150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Scarlett, X. Zhu, P. J. Enriori, D. D. Bowe, A. K. Batra, P. R. Levasseur, W. F. Grant, M. M. Meguid, M. A. Cowley, and D. L. Marks Regulation of Agouti-Related Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Transcription and Peptide Secretion by Acute and Chronic Inflammation Endocrinology, October 1, 2008; 149(10): 4837 - 4845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. M. Dungan Lemko, D. K. Clifton, R. A. Steiner, and G. S. Fraley Altered response to metabolic challenges in mice with genetically targeted deletions of galanin-like peptide Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2008; 295(3): E605 - E612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Wayman, M. Davare, H. Ando, D. Fortin, O. Varlamova, H.-Y. M. Cheng, D. Marks, K. Obrietan, T. R. Soderling, R. H. Goodman, et al. An activity-regulated microRNA controls dendritic plasticity by down-regulating p250GAP PNAS, July 1, 2008; 105(26): 9093 - 9098. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. M. Dungan, M. L. Gottsch, H. Zeng, A. Gragerov, J. E. Bergmann, D. K. Vassilatis, D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner The Role of Kisspeptin GPR54 Signaling in the Tonic Regulation and Surge Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone J. Neurosci., October 31, 2007; 27(44): 12088 - 12095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Scarlett, E. E. Jobst, P. J. Enriori, D. D. Bowe, A. K. Batra, W. F. Grant, M. A. Cowley, and D. L. Marks Regulation of Central Melanocortin Signaling by Interleukin-1{beta} Endocrinology, September 1, 2007; 148(9): 4217 - 4225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. Kauffman, M. L. Gottsch, J. Roa, A. C. Byquist, A. Crown, D. K. Clifton, G. E. Hoffman, R. A. Steiner, and M. Tena-Sempere Sexual Differentiation of Kiss1 Gene Expression in the Brain of the Rat Endocrinology, April 1, 2007; 148(4): 1774 - 1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Y.-L. Yu, C.-H. Pon, H.-C. Ku, C.-T. Wang, and Y.-H. Kao A preprogalanin cDNA from the turtle pituitary and regulation of its gene expression Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): R1649 - R1656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Smith, S. M. Popa, D. K. Clifton, G. E. Hoffman, and R. A. Steiner Kiss1 neurons in the forebrain as central processors for generating the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. J. Neurosci., June 21, 2006; 26(25): 6687 - 6694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Smith, M. J. Cunningham, E. F. Rissman, D. K Clifton, and R. A. Steiner Regulation of Kiss1 Gene Expression in the Brain of the Female Mouse Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 3686 - 3692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Smith, H. M. Dungan, E. A. Stoll, M. L. Gottsch, R. E. Braun, S. M. Eacker, D. K Clifton, and R. A. Steiner Differential Regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA Expression by Sex Steroids in the Brain of the Male Mouse Endocrinology, July 1, 2005; 146(7): 2976 - 2984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Munzberg, J. S. Flier, and C. Bjorbaek Region-Specific Leptin Resistance within the Hypothalamus of Diet-Induced Obese Mice Endocrinology, November 1, 2004; 145(11): 4880 - 4889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. Gottsch, M. J. Cunningham, J. T. Smith, S. M. Popa, B. V. Acohido, W. F. Crowley, S. Seminara, D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner A Role for Kisspeptins in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Mouse Endocrinology, September 1, 2004; 145(9): 4073 - 4077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Cunningham, M. Shahab, K. L. Grove, J. M. Scarlett, T. M. Plant, J. L. Cameron, M. S. Smith, D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner Galanin-Like Peptide as a Possible Link between Metabolism and Reproduction in the Macaque J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1760 - 1766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. R. Hansen, S. M. Krasnow, M. A. Nolan, G. S. Fraley, J. W. Baumgartner, D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System by Galanin-Like Peptide--A Possible Link between Leptin and Metabolism Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 4709 - 4717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. B. Lawrence, T. Williams, and S. M. Luckman Intracerebroventricular Galanin-Like Peptide Induces Different Brain Activation Compared with Galanin Endocrinology, September 1, 2003; 144(9): 3977 - 3984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kumano, H. Matsumoto, Y. Takatsu, J. Noguchi, C. Kitada, and T. Ohtaki Changes in Hypothalamic Expression Levels of Galanin-Like Peptide in Rat and Mouse Models Support That It Is a Leptin-Target Peptide Endocrinology, June 1, 2003; 144(6): 2634 - 2643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Krasnow, G. S. Fraley, S. M. Schuh, J. W. Baumgartner, D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner A Role for Galanin-Like Peptide in the Integration of Feeding, Body Weight Regulation, and Reproduction in the Mouse Endocrinology, March 1, 2003; 144(3): 813 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]