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Expression, Hormonal Regulation, and Cyclic Variation of Chemokines in the Rat Ovary: Key Determinants of the Intraovarian Residence of Representatives of the White Blood Cell Series

Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Eli Y. Adashi, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Room 5221, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112. E-mail: . eadashi{at}hsc.utah.edu

A growing body of evidence suggests that mammalian ovulation bears similarities to local inflammatory reactions. Monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils are known to infiltrate the area surrounding the dominant follicle before ovulation. Candidate local chemoattractants may include a family of small cytokines, also known as chemokines. In the present study, quantitative RT-PCR was used to initially identify and quantify the chemokines expressed in the preovulatory rat ovary. The chemokines monocyte chemotatic protein 1 (MCP-1), MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), MIP-1ß, MIP-1, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, eotaxin, interferon-inducible protein of 10 kDa, growth-regulated oncogene, lymphotactin, and fractalkine were all expressed in the PMSG-primed rat ovary 6 h post human CG. C10, T cell activation gene 3, exodus, exodus-2, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2, MIP-2, and lipopolysaccharide-induced C-X-C were not expressed in the PMSG-primed rat ovary 6 h post human CG. The cyclic variation of the ovary-positive chemokines was also evaluated throughout the course of a superovulated ovarian cycle. Significant preovulatory up-regulation relative to the untreated control state was documented for MCP-1 (18-fold), MCP-3 (12-fold), and growth-regulated oncogene (25-fold). In contrast, the preovulatory ovarian expression of eotaxin, fractalkine and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted was not increased. These observations suggest that intraovarian chemokines may be responsible for the cyclic intraovarian residence of representatives of the white blood cell series.

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