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NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY |
Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology and National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Suzanne M. Moenter, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 800578, Jefferson Park Avenue, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908. E-mail: . smm4n{at}virginia.edu
GnRH neurons comprise the final common pathway of an estrogen-sensitive pattern generator controlling fertility. To determine estradiol effects on GnRH neuron firing patterns, adult transgenic mice were ovariectomized (OVX), and half were treated with estradiol (OVX+E). One week later targeted single-unit extracellular recordings were made from GnRH neurons identified by green fluorescent protein expression. Estradiol markedly affected GnRH neuron firing patterns, increasing the percentage and duration of time these cells were quiescent (
1 action current/min). Estradiol increased the interval between episodes of increased firing rate determined by Cluster analysis of recordings more than 45 min (OVX+E 38.8 ± 7.2 min, OVX 16.7 ± 2.1 min, n = 6 each). Possible mechanisms of estradiol modulation were examined by simultaneously blocking ionotropic secretion of 
-aminobutyric acid and glutamatergic receptors. This treatment had no effect on cells from OVX mice (n = 10), indicating episodic firing of GnRH neurons is not driven by activation of these receptors. Receptor blockade eliminated estradiol effects on GnRH neurons in the midventral preoptic area (n = 7) but not elsewhere (n = 7). Individual GnRH neurons thus display episodic firing patterns at intervals previously reported for secretory pulses. Estradiol modulates episode frequency to exert feedback control; in a substantial subset of GnRH neurons, estradiol feedback is enforced via GABAergic and/or glutamatergic afferents.
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C. S. Nunemaker, R. A. DeFazio, and S. M. Moenter Calcium Current Subtypes in GnRH Neurons Biol Reprod, December 1, 2003; 69(6): 1914 - 1922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Kato, K. Ui-Tei, M. Watanabe, and Y. Sakuma Characterization of Voltage-Gated Calcium Currents in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein in Rats Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 5118 - 5125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Leupen, S. A. Tobet, W. F. Crowley Jr., and K. Kaila Heterogeneous Expression of the Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter KCC2 in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons of the Adult Mouse Endocrinology, July 1, 2003; 144(7): 3031 - 3036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. A. DeFazio, S. Heger, S. R. Ojeda, and S. M. Moenter Activation of A-Type {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors Excites Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2002; 16(12): 2872 - 2891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. A. DeFazio and S. M. Moenter Estradiol Feedback Alters Potassium Currents and Firing Properties of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2002; 16(10): 2255 - 2265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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