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Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.V.T.), and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (J.M., S.C.C.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Drew V. Tortoriello, M.D, Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, New York 10032. E-mail: dt2016{at}columbia.edu.
The effects of diet and adiposity have been implicated in disturbances of female reproductive function. In an effort to better elucidate the relationship between obesity and female fertility, we analyzed the effect of increasing dietary fat content on body composition, insulin sensitivity, and pregnancy rates in two common inbred mouse strains, DBA/2J and C57BL/6J. After 16 wk, females of both strains on the high fat diet developed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, but only the female DBA/2J mice developed dietary-induced obesity and hyperleptinemia. The high fat diet was associated with more than a 60% decrease in natural pregnancy rates of female DBA/2J mice, whereas the fertility of female C57BL/6J mice was unaffected. Despite developing a similar degree of obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia, male DBA/2J mice did not manifest diminished fertility. Obese female DBA/2J mice achieved normal ovulatory responses and pregnancy rates after exogenous gonadotropin stimulation, suggesting their fertility defect to be central in origin. Real-time PCR quantification of hypothalamic cDNA revealed a 100% up-regulation of neuropeptide Y and a 50% suppression of GnRH expression accompanied by a 95% attenuation of leptin receptor type B expression in obese female DBA/2J mice. These findings suggest that obesity-associated hyperleptinemia, and not insulin resistance or increased dietary fat per se, gradually induces central leptin resistance, increases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-ergic tone, and ultimately causes hypothalamic hypogonadism. The data establish high fat-fed female DBA/2J mice as a wild-type murine model of obesity-related infertility.
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