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Endocrinology Vol. 146, No. 9 3686-3692
Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society

Regulation of Kiss1 Gene Expression in the Brain of the Female Mouse

Jeremy T. Smith, Matthew J. Cunningham, Emilie F. Rissman, Donald K Clifton and Robert A. Steiner

Departments of Physiology and Biophysics (J.T.S., M.J.C., R.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.K.C., R.A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98195-7290; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (E.F.R.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Robert A. Steiner, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Building, G-424, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357290, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290. E-mail: steiner{at}u.washington.edu.

The Kiss1 gene encodes a family of neuropeptides called kisspeptins, which activate the receptor G protein-coupled receptor-54 and play a role in the neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH secretion. We examined whether estradiol (E2) regulates KiSS-1 in the forebrain of the female mouse by comparing KiSS-1 mRNA expression among groups of ovary-intact (diestrus), ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX plus E2-treated mice. In the arcuate nucleus (Arc), KiSS-1 expression increased after ovariectomy and decreased with E2 treatment. Conversely, in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), KiSS-1 expression was reduced after ovariectomy and increased with E2 treatment. To determine whether the effects of E2 on KiSS-1 are mediated through estrogen receptor (ER){alpha} or ERß, we evaluated the effects of E2 in OVX mice that lacked functional ER{alpha} or ERß. In OVX mice that lacked functional ER{alpha}, KiSS-1 mRNA did not respond to E2 in either the Arc or AVPV, suggesting that ER{alpha} is essential for mediating the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of E2. In contrast, KiSS-1 mRNA in OVX mice that lacked functional ERß responded to E2 exactly as wild-type animals. Double-label in situ hybridization revealed that virtually all KiSS-1-expressing neurons in the Arc and AVPV coexpress ER{alpha}, suggesting that the effects of E2 are mediated directly through KiSS-1 neurons. We conclude that KiSS-1 neurons in the Arc, which are inhibited by E2, may play a role in the negative feedback regulation of GnRH secretion, whereas KiSS-1 neurons in the AVPV, which are stimulated by E2, may participate in the positive feedback regulation of GnRH secretion.




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