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Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences (A.W., A.B., M.M.K., A.J.Z.), 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Physiology (A.R.-M., L.J.S.B., N.A.R.), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Graduate School of Integrated Science and Art (K.W.), University of East Asia, Yamaguchi 750-8503, Japan
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Adam J. Ziecik, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland. E-mail: ziecik{at}pan.olsztyn.pl.
Endometrial prostaglandins (PGs) and the PGE2/PGF2
ratio play an important role in regulating the estrous cycle and establishment of pregnancy. The enzymes downstream of cyclooxygenase-2 may determine the PGE2/PGF2 ratio in the porcine uterus. Thus, we have cloned porcine PGF synthase (PGFS) and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and characterized their expression in porcine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. PGFS and mPGES-1 amino acid sequences possessed a high degree (>67% and >77%, respectively) of identity with the other mammalian homologs. There was little modulation of mPGES-1 throughout the estrous cycle; however, PGFS expression was highly up-regulated in endometrium around the time of luteolysis. During early pregnancy, PGFS at the protein level showed a time-dependent increase (low on d 10–13, intermediate on d 14–23, and high on d 24–25). In pregnancy, expression of mPGES-1 was intermediate on d 10–11 and low on d 14–17 and then increased after d 22, reaching the maximum on d 24–25. Immunohistochemistry showed localization of PGFS and mPGES-1 proteins mainly in luminal and glandular epithelium. Concluding, the spatiotemporal expression of PGFS throughout the estrous cycle indicates an involvement of PGFS in regulating luteolysis in the pig. The comparison of endometrial PGFS and mPGES-1 expression on d 10–13 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy suggest a supportive role of these enzymes in determining the increase of uterine PGE2/PGF2 ratio during maternal recognition of pregnancy. Moreover, high expression of both PG synthases after initiation of implantation may indicate their significant role in placentation.
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