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Endocrinology Vol. 147, No. 6 2664-2669
Copyright © 2006 by The Endocrine Society

Minireview: The Brain as a Molecular Target for Diabetic Therapy

Elena Prodi and Silvana Obici

Department of Psychiatry, Obesity Research Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Silvana Obici, M.D., University of Cincinnati, Genome Research Institute, ML0506, 2180 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237. E-mail: silvana.obici{at}uc.edu.

Recent evidence highlights the important role of the brain in the control of glucose homeostasis. Hypothalamic centers sense the availability of peripheral nutrients via redundant and overlapping nutrient-induced peripheral signals such as leptin and insulin and via direct metabolic signaling. Responding to nutrient availability, these hypothalamic regions in turn exert a negative feedback not only on food intake but also on endogenous glucose production. Disruptions in the mechanisms of central nervous system nutrient sensing alter these homeostatic responses and contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss the neural and molecular pathways so far identified as possible targets for therapeutic intervention.




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