| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company (A.K.,V.J.W., A.K., Y.-F.C., C.K.C., A.B.S., G.J.E.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46285; The Obesity, Diabetes and Aging Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (X.T.T., B.C.H.), College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33602
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Alexei Kharitonenkov or Garret J. Etgen, Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285. E-mail: a.kharch{at}lilly.com; g.etgen{at}lilly.com.
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 has been recently characterized as a potent metabolic regulator. Systemic administration of FGF-21 reduced plasma glucose and triglycerides to near normal levels in genetically compromised diabetic rodents. Importantly, these effects were durable and did not come at the expense of weight gain, hypoglycemia, or mitogenicity. To explore the therapeutic properties of FGF-21 in a nongenetically modified primate species, and thus demonstrate the potential for efficacy in humans, we evaluated its bioactivity in diabetic nonhuman primates. When administered daily for 6 wk to diabetic rhesus monkeys, FGF-21 caused a dramatic decline in fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides, insulin, and glucagon. Of significant importance in regard to safety, hypoglycemia was not observed at any point during the study. FGF-21 administration also led to significant improvements in lipoprotein profiles, including lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raising of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, beneficial changes in the circulating levels of several cardiovascular risk markers/factors, and the induction of a small but significant weight loss. These data support the development of FGF-21 for the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
J. Xu, S. Stanislaus, N. Chinookoswong, Y. Y. Lau, T. Hager, J. Patel, H. Ge, J. Weiszmann, S.-C. Lu, M. Graham, et al. Acute glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing action of FGF21 in insulin-resistant mouse models--association with liver and adipose tissue effects Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2009; 297(5): E1105 - E1114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. K. Badman, A. R. Kennedy, A. C. Adams, P. Pissios, and E. Maratos-Flier A very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet improves glucose tolerance in ob/ob mice independently of weight loss Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2009; 297(5): E1197 - E1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. K. Badman, A. Koester, J. S. Flier, A. Kharitonenkov, and E. Maratos-Flier Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Deficient Mice Demonstrate Impaired Adaptation to Ketosis Endocrinology, November 1, 2009; 150(11): 4931 - 4940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Carriquiry, W. J. Weber, S. C. Fahrenkrug, and B. A. Crooker Hepatic gene expression in multiparous Holstein cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed n-3 fatty acids in early lactation J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2009; 92(10): 4889 - 4900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Christodoulides, P. Dyson, D. Sprecher, K. Tsintzas, and F. Karpe Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Induced by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists But Not Ketosis in Man J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2009; 94(9): 3594 - 3601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. D. Berglund, C. Y. Li, H. A. Bina, S. E. Lynes, M. D. Michael, A. B. Shanafelt, A. Kharitonenkov, and D. H. Wasserman Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Controls Glycemia via Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Flux and Insulin Sensitivity Endocrinology, September 1, 2009; 150(9): 4084 - 4093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. O. Chavez, M. Molina-Carrion, M. A. Abdul-Ghani, F. Folli, R. A. DeFronzo, and D. Tripathy Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Elevated in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes and Correlates With Muscle and Hepatic Insulin Resistance Diabetes Care, August 1, 2009; 32(8): 1542 - 1546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Mai, J. Andres, K. Biedasek, J. Weicht, T. Bobbert, M. Sabath, S. Meinus, F. Reinecke, M. Mohlig, M. O. Weickert, et al. Free Fatty Acids Link Metabolism and Regulation of the Insulin-Sensitizing Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Diabetes, July 1, 2009; 58(7): 1532 - 1538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Potthoff, T. Inagaki, S. Satapati, X. Ding, T. He, R. Goetz, M. Mohammadi, B. N. Finck, D. J. Mangelsdorf, S. A. Kliewer, et al. FGF21 induces PGC-1{alpha} and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response PNAS, June 30, 2009; 106(26): 10853 - 10858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Li, Y. Bao, A. Xu, X. Pan, J. Lu, H. Wu, H. Lu, K. Xiang, and W. Jia Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles and {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase But Not Insulin Sensitivity in Chinese Subjects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2009; 94(6): 2151 - 2156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Stein, A. Bachmann, U. Lossner, J. Kratzsch, M. Bluher, M. Stumvoll, and M. Fasshauer Serum Levels of the Adipokine FGF21 Depend on Renal Function Diabetes Care, January 1, 2009; 32(1): 126 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Xu, D. J. Lloyd, C. Hale, S. Stanislaus, M. Chen, G. Sivits, S. Vonderfecht, R. Hecht, Y.-S. Li, R. A. Lindberg, et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Reverses Hepatic Steatosis, Increases Energy Expenditure, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Diet-Induced Obese Mice Diabetes, January 1, 2009; 58(1): 250 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Stefan, K. Kantartzis, and H.-U. Haring Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Fatty Liver Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2008; 29(7): 939 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Coskun, H. A. Bina, M. A. Schneider, J. D. Dunbar, C. C. Hu, Y. Chen, D. E. Moller, and A. Kharitonenkov Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice Endocrinology, December 1, 2008; 149(12): 6018 - 6027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. S. Muise, B. Azzolina, D. W. Kuo, M. El-Sherbeini, Y. Tan, X. Yuan, J. Mu, J. R. Thompson, J. P. Berger, and K. K. Wong Adipose Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Up-Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma} and Altered Metabolic States Mol. Pharmacol., August 1, 2008; 74(2): 403 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. Zhang, D. C.Y. Yeung, M. Karpisek, D. Stejskal, Z.-G. Zhou, F. Liu, R. L.C. Wong, W.-S. Chow, A. W.K. Tso, K. S.L. Lam, et al. Serum FGF21 Levels Are Increased in Obesity and Are Independently Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Humans Diabetes, May 1, 2008; 57(5): 1246 - 1253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |