| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Departments of Physiology and Biophysics (A.S.K., A.C.B., A.C., R.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.G., D.K.C., R.A.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290; Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.R., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (G.E.H.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Robert A. Steiner, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Box 357290, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290. [For overnight courier only: 1959 NE Pacific Street.] E-mail: steiner{at}u.washington.edu.
The Kiss1 gene codes for kisspeptins, which have been implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. In the brain, Kiss1 mRNA-expressing neurons are located in the arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei. Kiss1 neurons in the AVPV appear to play a role in generating the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge, which occurs only in females and is organized perinatally by gonadal steroids. Because Kiss1 is involved in the sexually dimorphic GnRH/LH surge, we hypothesized that Kiss1 expression is sexually differentiated, with females having more Kiss1 neurons than either males or neonatally androgenized females. To test this, male and female rats were neonatally treated with androgen or vehicle; then, as adults, they were left intact or gonadectomized and implanted with capsules containing sex steroids or nothing. Kiss1 mRNA levels in the AVPV and ARC were determined by in situ hybridization. Normal females expressed significantly more Kiss1 mRNA in the AVPV than normal males, even under identical adult hormonal conditions. This Kiss1 sex difference was organized perinatally, as demonstrated by the observation that neonatally androgenized females displayed a male-like pattern of adulthood Kiss1 expression in the AVPV. In contrast, there was neither a sex difference nor an influence of neonatal treatment on Kiss1 expression in the ARC. Using double-labeling techniques, we determined that the sexually differentiated Kiss1 neurons in the AVPV are distinct from the sexually differentiated population of tyrosine hydroxylase (dopaminergic) neurons in this region. Our findings suggest that sex differences in kisspeptin signaling from the AVPV subserve the cellular mechanisms controlling the sexually differentiated GnRH/LH surge.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. Clarkson, W. C. Boon, E. R. Simpson, and A. E. Herbison Postnatal Development of an Estradiol-Kisspeptin Positive Feedback Mechanism Implicated in Puberty Onset Endocrinology, July 1, 2009; 150(7): 3214 - 3220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. M. Navarro, M. A. Sanchez-Garrido, J. M. Castellano, J. Roa, D. Garcia-Galiano, R. Pineda, E. Aguilar, L. Pinilla, and M. Tena-Sempere Persistent Impairment of Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System after Exposures to Estrogenic Compounds at Critical Periods of Brain Sex Differentiation Endocrinology, May 1, 2009; 150(5): 2359 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.K. Roseweir and R.P. Millar The role of kisspeptin in the control of gonadotrophin secretion Hum. Reprod. Update, December 24, 2008; (2008) dmn058v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Roa, E. Vigo, J. M. Castellano, F. Gaytan, D. Garcia-Galiano, V. M. Navarro, E. Aguilar, F. A. Dijcks, A. G. H. Ederveen, L. Pinilla, et al. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Responses to Kisspeptin in the Female Rat at the Preovulatory Period: Modulation by Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Endocrinology, November 1, 2008; 149(11): 5783 - 5790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J Greives, L. J Kriegsfeld, G. E Bentley, K. Tsutsui, and G. E Demas Recent advances in reproductive neuroendocrinology: a role for RFamide peptides in seasonal reproduction? Proc R Soc B, September 7, 2008; 275(1646): 1943 - 1951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Liu, K. Lee, and A. E. Herbison Kisspeptin Excites Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons through a Phospholipase C/Calcium-Dependent Pathway Regulating Multiple Ion Channels Endocrinology, September 1, 2008; 149(9): 4605 - 4614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ramaswamy, K. A. Guerriero, R. B. Gibbs, and T. M. Plant Structural Interactions between Kisspeptin and GnRH Neurons in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Male Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) as Revealed by Double Immunofluorescence and Confocal Microscopy Endocrinology, September 1, 2008; 149(9): 4387 - 4395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Bodo and E. F. Rissman The Androgen Receptor Is Selectively Involved in Organization of Sexually Dimorphic Social Behaviors in Mice Endocrinology, August 1, 2008; 149(8): 4142 - 4150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Gonzalez-Martinez, C. De Mees, Q. Douhard, C. Szpirer, and J. Bakker Absence of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 1 and Kiss1 Activation in {alpha}-Fetoprotein Knockout Mice: Prenatal Estrogens Defeminize the Potential to Show Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surges Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2333 - 2340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kanda, Y. Akazome, T. Matsunaga, N. Yamamoto, S. Yamada, H. Tsukamura, K.-i. Maeda, and Y. Oka Identification of KiSS-1 Product Kisspeptin and Steroid-Sensitive Sexually Dimorphic Kisspeptin Neurons in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2467 - 2476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Roa, E. Vigo, J. M. Castellano, F. Gaytan, V. M. Navarro, E. Aguilar, F. A. Dijcks, A. G. H. Ederveen, L. Pinilla, P. I. van Noort, et al. Opposite Roles of Estrogen Receptor (ER)-{alpha} and ER{beta} in the Modulation of Luteinizing Hormone Responses to Kisspeptin in the Female Rat: Implications for the Generation of the Preovulatory Surge Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 1627 - 1637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. B. Patisaul, A. E. Fortino, and E. K. Polston Sex Differences in Serotonergic But Not {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acidergic (GABA) Projections to the Rat Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Endocrinology, January 1, 2008; 149(1): 397 - 408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Goodman, M. N. Lehman, J. T. Smith, L. M. Coolen, C. V. R. de Oliveira, M. R. Jafarzadehshirazi, A. Pereira, J. Iqbal, A. Caraty, P. Ciofi, et al. Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Ewe Express Both Dynorphin A and Neurokinin B Endocrinology, December 1, 2007; 148(12): 5752 - 5760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. M. Dungan, M. L. Gottsch, H. Zeng, A. Gragerov, J. E. Bergmann, D. K. Vassilatis, D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner The Role of Kisspeptin GPR54 Signaling in the Tonic Regulation and Surge Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone J. Neurosci., October 31, 2007; 27(44): 12088 - 12095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. S. Dhillo, O. B. Chaudhri, E. L. Thompson, K. G. Murphy, M. Patterson, R. Ramachandran, G. K. Nijher, V. Amber, A. Kokkinos, M. Donaldson, et al. Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates Gonadotropin Release Most Potently during the Preovulatory Phase of the Menstrual Cycle in Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2007; 92(10): 3958 - 3966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Kauffman, J. H. Park, A. A. McPhie-Lalmansingh, M. L. Gottsch, C. Bodo, J. G. Hohmann, M. N. Pavlova, A. D. Rohde, D. K. Clifton, R. A. Steiner, et al. The Kisspeptin Receptor GPR54 Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Behavior J. Neurosci., August 15, 2007; 27(33): 8826 - 8835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
