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3-Iodothyronamine (T₁AM): A New Player on the Thyroid Endocrine Team?

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Thomas S. Scanlan, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098. E-mail: scanlant{at}ohsu.edu.

Abstract

3-Iodothyronamine (T₁AM) is an endogenous compound with chemical features that are similar to thyroid hormone. T₁AM has a carbon skeleton identical to that of T₄ and contains a single carbon-iodine bond. Theoretically, T₁AM could be produced from T₄ by enzymatic decarboxylation and deiodination. Recent studies show that T₁AM and higher iodinated thyronamines are subject to similar metabolic processing as iodothyronines such as T₄, suggesting a biological linkage between iodothyronines and iodothyronamines. In addition, single doses of T₁AM administered to rodents induce a hypometabolic state that in certain ways resembles hibernation and is opposite to the effects of excess T₄. This review will discuss the latest developments on this recently discovered thyroid hormone derivative.