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Submitted on June 17, 2004
Accepted on July 15, 2004
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain. CeRTA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: aag{at}astor.urv.es.
Flavonoids are functional constituents of many fruits and vegetables. Some flavonoids have antidiabetic properties because they improve altered glucose and oxidative metabolisms of diabetic states. Procyanidins are flavonoids with an oligomeric structure and it has been shown that they can improve the pathologic oxidative state of a diabetic situation. To evaluate their effects on glucose metabolism, we administered an extract of grape-seed procyanidins (PE) orally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This had an antihyperglycemic effect which was significantly increased if PE administration was accompanied by a low insulin dose. The antihyperglycemic effect of PE may be partially due to the insulinomimetic activity of procyanidins on insulin-sensitive cell lines. PE stimulated glucose uptake in L6E9 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose dependent-manner. Like insulin action, the effect of PE on glucose uptake was sensitive to wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3-kinase, and to SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. PE action also stimulated GLUT-4 translocation to the plasma membrane. In summary, procyanidins have insulin-like effects in insulin sensitive cells that could help to explain their antihyperglycemic effect in vivo. These effects must be added to their antioxidant activity, to explain why they can improve diabetic situations.
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