| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on August 14, 2003
Accepted on September 25, 2003
1 Medicine Department, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA, Psychology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dianalw{at}u.washington.edu.
Plasma ghrelin levels are responsive to short- and long-term nutrient fluctuation, rapidly decreasing with food consumption and increasing with food deprivation or weight loss. We hypothesized a vagal contribution to both responses. Nutrient-related ghrelin suppression may be mediated by gastrointestinal load-related vagal afferent activity, or depend upon vagal efferent input to the foregut, where most ghrelin is produced. Similarly, the deprivation-related ghrelin rise could require state-related vagal afferent or efferent activity. Here, we examined the role of the vagus nerve in the regulation of plasma ghrelin by sampling blood from rats with subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and from sham-operated controls over 48 h of food deprivation, and before and after gastric gavage of liquid diet. Vagotomy affected neither baseline ghrelin levels nor the suppression of ghrelin by a nutrient load. The food deprivation-induced elevation in plasma ghrelin levels (
160% of baseline), however, was completely prevented by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. In a separate experiment, the deprivation-related rise in plasma ghrelin was substantially reduced by atropine methyl nitrate treatment, indicating that the response to fasting is driven by increased vagal efferent tone. The dissociation between nutrient load-related and deprivation-related ghrelin responses indicates that the regulation of circulating ghrelin levels involves separate mechanisms operating through anatomically distinct pathways.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  O. B. Chaudhri, K. Wynne, and S. R. Bloom Can Gut Hormones Control Appetite and Prevent Obesity? Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_2): S284 - S289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Vila, C. Maier, M. Riedl, P. Nowotny, B. Ludvik, A. Luger, and M. Clodi Bacterial Endotoxin Induces Biphasic Changes in Plasma Ghrelin in Healthy Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2007; 92(10): 3930 - 3934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. G. Murphy, W. S. Dhillo, and S. R. Bloom Gut Peptides in the Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2006; 27(7): 719 - 727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ao, V. L. W. Go, N. Toy, T. Li, Y. Wang, M. K. Song, J. R. Reeve Jr., Y. Liu, and H. Yang Brainstem Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Regulates Food Intake through Vagal-Dependent Cholinergic Stimulation of Ghrelin Secretion Endocrinology, December 1, 2006; 147(12): 6004 - 6010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Arnold, A. Mura, W. Langhans, and N. Geary Gut Vagal Afferents Are Not Necessary for the Eating-Stimulatory Effect of Intraperitoneally Injected Ghrelin in the Rat J. Neurosci., October 25, 2006; 26(43): 11052 - 11060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. P. Kinzig, K. A. Scott, J. Hyun, S. Bi, and T. H. Moran Lateral ventricular ghrelin and fourth ventricular ghrelin induce similar increases in food intake and patterns of hypothalamic gene expression Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): R1565 - R1569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Tack, I Depoortere, R Bisschops, C Delporte, B Coulie, A Meulemans, J Janssens, and T Peeters Influence of ghrelin on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in humans Gut, March 1, 2006; 55(3): 327 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Pulman, W. M. Fry, G. T. Cottrell, and A. V. Ferguson The Subfornical Organ: A Central Target for Circulating Feeding Signals J. Neurosci., February 15, 2006; 26(7): 2022 - 2030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Teff Learning Hunger: Conditioned Anticipatory Ghrelin Responses in Energy Homeostasis Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 20 - 22. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T L Peeters Ghrelin: a new player in the control of gastrointestinal functions Gut, November 1, 2005; 54(11): 1638 - 1649. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Tighe and T. Dinan An overview of the central control of weight regulation and the effect of antipsychotic medication J Psychopharmacol, November 1, 2005; 19(6_suppl): 36 - 46. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N Govoni, R De Iasio, C Cocco, A Parmeggiani, G Galeati, U Pagotto, C Brancia, M Spinaci, C Tamanini, R Pasquali, et al. Gastric immunolocalization and plasma profiles of acyl-ghrelin in fasted and fasted-refed prepuberal gilts J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2005; 186(3): 505 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Goldstone, M. Patterson, N. Kalingag, M. A. Ghatei, A. E. Brynes, S. R. Bloom, A. B. Grossman, and M. Korbonits Fasting and Postprandial Hyperghrelinemia in Prader-Willi Syndrome Is Partially Explained by Hypoinsulinemia, and Is Not Due to Peptide YY3-36 Deficiency or Seen in Hypothalamic Obesity Due to Craniopharyngioma J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2681 - 2690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Williams and D. E. Cummings Regulation of Ghrelin in Physiologic and Pathophysiologic States J. Nutr., May 1, 2005; 135(5): 1320 - 1325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kojima and K. Kangawa Ghrelin: Structure and Function Physiol Rev, April 1, 2005; 85(2): 495 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Rubino, P. Zizzari, C. Tomasetto, M.-T. Bluet-Pajot, A. Forgione, M. Vix, D. Grouselle, and J. Marescaux The Role of the Small Bowel in the Regulation of Circulating Ghrelin Levels and Food Intake in the Obese Zucker Rat Endocrinology, April 1, 2005; 146(4): 1745 - 1751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Overduin, R. S. Frayo, H. J. Grill, J. M. Kaplan, and D. E. Cummings Role of the Duodenum and Macronutrient Type in Ghrelin Regulation Endocrinology, February 1, 2005; 146(2): 845 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Korner, M. Bessler, L. J. Cirilo, I. M. Conwell, A. Daud, N. L. Restuccia, and S. L. Wardlaw Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Fasting and Postprandial Concentrations of Plasma Ghrelin, Peptide YY, and Insulin J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 359 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Flier and J. K. Elmquist A Good Night's Sleep: Future Antidote to the Obesity Epidemic? Ann Intern Med, December 7, 2004; 141(11): 885 - 886. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Arosio, C. L. Ronchi, P. Beck-Peccoz, C. Gebbia, C. Giavoli, V. Cappiello, D. Conte, and M. Peracchi Effects of Modified Sham Feeding on Ghrelin Levels in Healthy Human Subjects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2004; 89(10): 5101 - 5104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Gelling, J. Overduin, C. D. Morrison, G. J. Morton, R. S. Frayo, D. E. Cummings, and M. W. Schwartz Effect of Uncontrolled Diabetes on Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations and Ghrelin-Induced Feeding Endocrinology, October 1, 2004; 145(10): 4575 - 4582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Maier, G. Schaller, B. Buranyi, P. Nowotny, G. Geyer, M. Wolzt, and A. Luger The Cholinergic System Controls Ghrelin Release and Ghrelin-Induced Growth Hormone Release in Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4729 - 4733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Hanusch-Enserer, E. Cauza, G. Brabant, A. Dunky, H. Rosen, G. Pacini, H. Tuchler, R. Prager, and M. Roden Plasma Ghrelin in Obesity before and after Weight Loss after Laparoscopical Adjustable Gastric Banding J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2004; 89(7): 3352 - 3358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wynne, S. Stanley, and S. Bloom The Gut and Regulation of Body Weight J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2576 - 2582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Cummings, J. Overduin, and K. E. Foster-Schubert Gastric Bypass for Obesity: Mechanisms of Weight Loss and Diabetes Resolution J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2608 - 2615. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Broglio, C. Gottero, P. Van Koetsveld, F. Prodam, S. Destefanis, A. Benso, C. Gauna, L. Hofland, E. Arvat, A. J. van der Lely, et al. Acetylcholine Regulates Ghrelin Secretion in Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2429 - 2433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
