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This version published online on December 11, 2003
Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/en.2003-1160
A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2004
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Submitted on September 4, 2003
Accepted on December 4, 2003

Developmental Expression and Subcellular Localization of Mouse MATER, An Oocyte-specific Protein Essential for Early Development

Zhi-Bin Tong1*, Lyn Gold1, Anto De Pol1, Konstantina Vanevski1, Heidi Dorward1, Paola Sena1, Carla Palumbo1, Carolyn A Bondy1, and Lawrence M. Nelson1

1 Developmental Endocrinology Branch, NICHD; Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Modena e Riggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71-41100 Modena, Italia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tongz{at}exchange.nih.gov.

We reported previously that Mater is a maternal effect gene that is required for early embryonic development beyond the two-cell stage in mice. Here we show the expressional profile of Mater and its protein during oogensis and embryogenesis as well as its subcellular localization in oocytes. Mater mRNA was detectable earliest in oocytes of type 2 follicles, while MATER protein appeared earliest in oocytes of type 3a primary follicles. Both mRNA and protein accumulated during oocyte growth. In situ hybridization showed that Mater mRNA appeared progressively less abundant in oocytes beyond type 5a primary follicles. By RNase protect assay, Mater mRNA was abundant in GV oocytes, but was undetectable in all stages of preimplantation embryos. In contrast, the protein persisted throughout preimplantation development. Immuno-gold electron microscopic analysis revealed that MATER was located in oocyte mitochondria, nucleoli, and close to nuclear pores. Taken together, our data indicate that Mater gene transcription and protein translation are active during oogenesis but appear inactive during early embryogenesis. Thus, Mater and its protein are expressed in a manner typical of maternal effect genes. The presence of MATER protein in mitochondria and nucleoli suggests that it may participate in both cytoplasmic and nuclear events during early development.
Key words: MATER • Oocyte • Embryo • Development • Maternal effect gene




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