Growth hormone (GH) increases linear growth in children with chronic renal failure but the response remains suboptimal in some patients. Some of the factors that may explain the poor response to GH include high doses of calcitriol and exogenous calcium loading to prevent hyperphosphatemia. High doses of exogenous calcium adversely affect chondrocyte proliferation and delay mineralization in the growth plate of rats with renal failure; bone histomorphometric changes in these animals are comparable to adynamic bone. To evaluate GH effects on adynamic bone in renal failure, 48 weanling rats underwent sham nephrectomy (Intact-Control) or 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). Nx animals were fed high calcium diet (Nx-Ca²⁺) to induce adynamic bone. After 4 weeks, the Nx-Ca²⁺ animals were treated with GH (Nx-Ca²⁺+GH), calcitriol (Nx-Ca²⁺+D) or combination of GH and calcitriol (Nx-Ca²⁺GH+D) for 2 weeks. Serum intact PTH and IGF-I levels did not differ among all nephrectomized groups given high calcium. GH did not increase body length or tibial length at the end of study period. In the proximal tibia, the width of the growth plate and the growth plate architecture did not improve with GH. There was a decline in histone-4 expression, IGF-I protein, IGF binding protein-3 and BMP-7 staining and a mild increase in IGF-I receptor, growth hormone receptor and gelatinase B expression in the Nx-Ca²⁺+GH group when compared with the Intact-Control group. Calcitriol blunted some of the mitogenic effects of GH in the growth plate. Thus, there was a poor response to GH therapy in calcium loaded animals with renal failure.