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Submitted on October 1, 2003
Accepted on February 19, 2004
Research Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jenny.faldt{at}medic.gu.se.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced and released in large amounts from skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise in both mice and humans, but there have few data indicating the biological significance of this. IL-6 exerts metabolic effects such as stimulating energy expenditure and reducing body fat mass. We have now investigated the effects of IL-6 deficiency on exercise endurance and energy expenditure in pre-obese and obese IL-6 deficient (IL-6-/-) mice.
Four month-old pre-obese and seven month-old obese IL-6-/- male mice backcrossed to C57BL/6 and their littermate controls were exercised on a treadmill and energy expenditure was measured as oxygen consumption with the use of indirect calorimetry. The pre-obese IL-6-/- mice were significantly leaner than the control mice, while the older IL-6-/- mice as expected had developed obesity. Resting young, but not older, IL-6-/- mice had elevated respiratory exchange ratio (RER), indicating that they oxidize carbohydrates rather than fat for energy utilization. During exercise, the young and older IL-6-/- mice had a reduced endurance and a progressive decrease in oxygen consumption compared with control mice. There was no difference in RER in young IL-6-/- mice, while RER was enhanced in older IL-6-/-, mice during exercise.
In summary, IL-6-/- mice have reduced endurance and energy expenditure during exercise, suggesting that IL-6 is necessary for normal exercise capacity.
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