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This version published online on March 24, 2004
Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/en.2004-0037
A more recent version of this article appeared on June 1, 2004
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Submitted on January 14, 2004
Accepted on March 10, 2004

Glucocorticoids: food intake, abdominal obesity & wealthy nations in 2004

Mary F Dallman*, Susanne E la Fleur, Norman C Pecoraro, Francisca Gomez, Hani Houshyar, and Susan F Akana

Dept Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dallman{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

Glucocorticoids have a major effect on food intake that is underappreciated, even though the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism and abdominal obesity are quite well understood. Physiologically appropriate concentrations of naturally secreted corticosteroids (cortisol or F in humans, corticosterone or B in rats) have major stimulatory effects on caloric intake and, in the presence of insulin, preference. We first address the close relationship between glucocorticoids and energy balance under both normal and abnormal conditions. Because excess caloric intake is stored in different fat depots, we also address the systemic effects of glucocorticoids on redistribution of stored energy preponderantly into intra-abdominal fat depots. We provide strong evidence that glucocorticoids modify feeding, and then discuss the role of insulin on the choice of ingested calories, as well as suggesting some central neural pathways that may be involved in these actions of glucocorticoids and insulin. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary utility of these actions of the stress hormones, and how dysregulatory effects of chronically elevated glucocorticoids may occur in our modern, rich societies.




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