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This version published online on July 29, 2004
Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/en.2004-0493
A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2004
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Submitted on April 16, 2004
Accepted on July 22, 2004

THE INHIBITION OF GASTRIC GHRELIN PRODUCTION BY FOOD INTAKE IN RATS IS DEPENDENT ON THE TYPE OF MACRONUTRIENT

Juana Sánchez, Paula Oliver, Andreu Palou*, and Catalina Picó

Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnología. Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andreu.palou{at}uib.es.

Ghrelin is a peptide mainly produced by the stomach that increases food intake and body weight. Ghrelin expression increases with fasting and is diminished by re-feeding, but although the expression of this hormone is regulated by the feeding state, the relation with diet composition is not yet well established. We have studied the inhibitory effect of the intake of two different macronutrients (fat and carbohydrates) on ghrelin production by the stomach in fasted rats, as well as the relation with another important signal in the regulation of energy balance, leptin.

Ghrelin mRNA expression in the gastric mucosa was determined by northern blotting, and leptin mRNA by northern blotting in the adipose tissue and by reverse transcriptase-PCR in the stomach; circulating and gastric concentrations of ghrelin and of leptin were measured by EIA and by ELISA, respectively. Our results showed an increase in ghrelin mRNA levels in response to 14 h-fasting. Food intake for 20 min after the fast produced a decrease in ghrelin mRNA expression that was recovered in 45 min in rats that ate the fat diet, while levels remained low when rats ate the carbohydrate diet. Serum ghrelin followed a similar tendency. The decrease in ghrelin expression by feeding was associated to an increased expression of gastric leptin only when animals ate carbohydrates.

We conclude that the inhibition of ghrelin production by the stomach after re-feeding of fasted rats is dependent on diet composition and can be related with the different satiating capacity of the ingested macronutrients, which is higher for carbohydrates than fat.
Key words: ghrelin production • nutrients • satiety • stomach




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