| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on September 23, 2004
Accepted on February 1, 2005
Fertilitetscentrum AB, Carlandersplaten 1 40229, Göteborg, Sweden; Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sarah.robertson{at}adelaide.edu.au.
Growth factors secreted by the female reproductive tract promote development of the pre-implantation embryo, and potentially act as epigenetic determinants of post-implantation developmental competence and pregnancy outcome. In a comprehensive embryo transfer study in mice we examined the late gestational and postnatal effects of embryo exposure to the cytokine GM-CSF, identified as a key physiological regulator of cell number and viability in mouse and human blastocysts. Embryo development in culture in the absence of GM-CSF restricted fetal growth, accelerated postnatal growth and increased adult body mass and adiposity in offspring compared with in vivo grown embryos, especially in males. Addition of GM-CSF to embryo culture medium increased the proportion of transferred embryos that generated viable progeny and alleviated the effects of in vitro culture on fetal and post-natal growth trajectory, but did not prevent programing of adult obesity. Placental morphogenesis was modified by embryo culture, which inhibited development of labyrinthine exchange tissue and adversely altered some structural correlates of placental transfer function. GM-CSF reversed the effect of culture on labyrinthine growth and increased the surface area of placental trophoblast available for nutrient exchange. These findings indicate that the detrimental influence of embryo culture on fetal viability and growth may be largely mediated through altered placental morphogenesis, and can be alleviated by GM-CSF. This demonstrates that embryonic exposure to GM-CSF is essential for normal placental development and fetal growth.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S J Kimber, S F Sneddon, D J Bloor, A M El-Bareg, J A Hawkhead, A D Metcalfe, F D Houghton, H J Leese, A Rutherford, B A Lieberman, et al. Expression of genes involved in early cell fate decisions in human embryos and their regulation by growth factors Reproduction, May 1, 2008; 135(5): 635 - 647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. O'Neill The potential roles for embryotrophic ligands in preimplantation embryo development Hum. Reprod. Update, May 1, 2008; 14(3): 275 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. V. Ingman and R. L. Jones Cytokine knockouts in reproduction: the use of gene ablation to dissect roles of cytokines in reproductive biology Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2008; 14(2): 179 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Li, V. Chandrakanthan, M. L Day, and C. O'Neill Direct Evidence for the Action of Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-Trisphosphate-Mediated Signal Transduction in the 2-Cell Mouse Embryo Biol Reprod, November 1, 2007; 77(5): 813 - 821. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Mahsoudi, A Li, and C O'Neill Assessment of the Long-Term and Transgenerational Consequences of Perturbing Preimplantation Embryo Development in Mice Biol Reprod, November 1, 2007; 77(5): 889 - 896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Ceelen, M. M. van Weissenbruch, J. C. Roos, J. P. W. Vermeiden, F. E. van Leeuwen, and H. A. Delemarre-van de Waal Body Composition in Children and Adolescents Born after in Vitro Fertilization or Spontaneous Conception J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 3417 - 3423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Vandaele, B. Mateusen, D. G D Maes, A. de Kruif, and A. Van Soom Temporal detection of caspase-3 and -7 in bovine in vitro produced embryos of different developmental capacity Reproduction, April 1, 2007; 133(4): 709 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Watkins, D. Platt, T. Papenbrock, A. Wilkins, J. J. Eckert, W. Y. Kwong, C. Osmond, M. Hanson, and T. P. Fleming From the Cover: Mouse embryo culture induces changes in postnatal phenotype including raised systolic blood pressure PNAS, March 27, 2007; 104(13): 5449 - 5454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Feil, M. Lane, C. T. Roberts, R. L. Kelley, L. J. Edwards, J. G. Thompson, and K. L. Kind Effect of culturing mouse embryos under different oxygen concentrations on subsequent fetal and placental development J. Physiol., April 1, 2006; 572(1): 87 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Jackson Integrating the Ideas of Life Course across Cellular, Individual, and Population Levels in Cancer Causation J. Nutr., December 1, 2005; 135(12): 2927S - 2933S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A Maloney and W. D Rees Gene-nutrient interactions during fetal development Reproduction, October 1, 2005; 130(4): 401 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Roberts Embryo Culture Conditions: What Embryos Like Best Endocrinology, May 1, 2005; 146(5): 2140 - 2141. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
