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Submitted on October 20, 2004
Accepted on February 22, 2005
Unité de Recherche en Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2. Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2. Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3. Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jean-francois.bilodeau{at}CRCHUL.Ulaval.ca.
The oviduct plays a crucial role in mammalian reproduction by providing an optimal environment for the final maturation and transport of gametes, fertilization and early embryonic development. It is now recognized that these reproductive events in vitro can be either negatively or positively affected by reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs). In the current study, we analyzed the expression of the phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx or GPx-4), a selenoenzyme that directly reduces membrane-bound LOOHs in the bovine oviduct. Using in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that GPx-4 expression is almost restricted to the oviductal luminal epithelium in contrast to GPx-1, which is widely distributed, and GPx-2 and -3 which are mainly detected in the epithelial cells and lamina propria. Interestingly, real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that GPx-4 expression was highest during the follicular and post-ovulatory phases. In addition, GPx-4 expression was highest in the isthmus proximal to the dominant follicle during the follicular stage and remained high during the post-ovulatory period. This increased in expression of GPx-4 corresponded to increased GPx-4 enzymatic activity. Based on intrauterine infusion of estradiol we determined that the increase in expression and activity of GPx-4 is estrogen mediated. This work clearly demonstrates that GPx-4 gene expression is influenced by the proximity of the dominant follicle in the oviduct in vivo. We propose that GPx-4 has an important role in the physiological control of peroxide tone in the bordering cells of the oviductal lumen.
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