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Submitted on November 4, 2004
Accepted on December 20, 2004
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sbi{at}jhmi.edu.
Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats lacking cholecystokinin-A receptors are hyperphagic, obese and diabetic. Although exercise attenuates OLETF rats' obesity, the mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise are unclear. In this study, we determined the effects of running wheel activity on patterns of body weight gain, food intake and hypothalamic gene expression. We demonstrate that voluntary running activity beginning at 8 wks of age normalized meal patterns, food intake, body weight and plasma levels of glucose and leptin in OLETF rats. During the initial exercise period, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression was significantly elevated in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), but not in the paraventricular nucleus in both OLETF and control Long Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats. In response to long-term exercise, arcuate nucleus (Arc) neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) as well as DMH NPY and CRF mRNA expression were increased in LETO rats. In contrast, while exercising OLETF rats had increased Arc NPY and DMH CRF expression, Arc POMC and DMH NPY mRNA levels were not elevated. Finally, we demonstrate that the effects of exercise on body weight in OLETF rats were long lasting. Although food intake and body weight were increased in OLETF rats when running wheels were locked, weights did not return to those of sedentary OLETF rats. Together, these data suggest that the elevation of DMH CRF expression may mediate the short-term feeding inhibitory effects of exercise, and that exercise limits the elevation of DMH NPY expression to account for the overall prevention of OLETF rats' obesity.
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